TAKSONOMI KATA PINJAMAN ARAB-MELAYU DARI ASPEK GRAMATIKAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.5773.2024Keywords:
sosial, gramatikal, dikotomi, peminjaman budaya, peminjaman terasAbstract
Peminjaman bahasa berlaku kerana faktor sosial atau gramatikal. Faktor sosial merujuk kepada sikap penutur, sementara faktor gramatikal berkaitan dengan aspek tatabahasa. Makalah ini membincangkan kata pinjaman Arab ke dalam bahasa Melayu dari aspek gramatikal. Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk mengkategorikan kata pinjaman Arab berdasarkan kelas kata dan menghuraikan faktor peminjaman bahasa, misalnya peminjaman budaya dan peminjaman teras. Kajian ini menggunakan Kamus Dewan Perdana (2021) yang mempunyai lebih daripada 120 ribu entri. Kajian ini menggunakan kaedah sekunder dan rujuk silang untuk mengenal pasti kata pinjaman Arab yang terdapat dalam kamus. Hasil kajian mendapati kata nama adalah yang terbanyak dipinjam ke dalam bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini telah membahagikan kelas kata pinjaman Arab-Melayu kepada tiga kategori, iaitu (1) kata pinjaman kekal, (2) kata pinjaman berubah, dan (3) kata pinjaman bercampur. Selain itu, terdapat sejumlah kata pinjaman Arab yang telah dikategorikan secara tidak tepat dalam bahasa Melayu, misalnya “hujah”, “muktamad” dan “rela”. Lebih menarik lagi, kajian mendapati kebanyakan perkataan Arab yang dipinjam ialah jenis pinjaman budaya, iaitu objek atau konsep baru, yang tidak wujud dalam budaya Melayu. Kajian ini telah menyumbang kepada taksonomi kata pinjaman Arab-Melayu berdasarkan data korpus.
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