Analisis Maksim Perbualan Grice Dalam Soal Jawab TV3
Grice's Conversational Maxim in Soal Jawab TV3
Abstract
Maksim Perbualan (MP) diusulkan oleh Grice (1975) dalam usaha mengurangkan salah faham dalam komunikasi. MP mempunyai empat maksim, iaitu kualiti, kuantiti, hubungan dan cara. Diyakini sekiranya kesemua pemeran mematuhi MP, komunikasi akan berlangsung dengan lancar. Walau bagaimanapun, realitinya, tidak kesemua MP akan dipatuhi. Analisis telah dilakukan pada struktur isi rancangan Soal Jawab TV3 dengan mengaplikasikan MP dan membincangkan faktor kepatuhan dan ketidakpatuhan MP. Antara metod yang diaplikasikan adalah muat turun, transkripsi dan analisis teks. Pemeran komunikasi dalam rancangan ini melibatkan dua orang moderator (M) dan dua orang pemerhati ekonomi (PE). Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan keempat-empat MP dipatuhi oleh M manakala PE tidak patuh pada MP kuantiti dan cara. Kepatuhan MP oleh M dipengaruhi antaranya oleh prosedur penerbitan, kemahiran berbahasa dan pengalaman kerja. Kepatuhan MP oleh PE bertitik tolak daripada sifat rancangan yang yang mempunyai rujukan, iaitu maksim kualiti; manakala maksim hubungan ditandai dengan penggunaan kosa kata seperti inflasi, GST dan BRIM, iaitu tema ekonomi. Ketidakpatuhan MP oleh PE ialah pelanggaran maksim kuantiti dan cara yang bertujuan pemahaman audiens. Walaupun ketidakpatuhan berlaku, kelancaran komunikasi tidak terjejas. Dapatan ini sekali gus menolak pendapat Finch (2000).
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