Maksim Perbualan dan Elemen Pendidikan dalam Podcast #NOTAPIS
Abstract
Maksim perbualan (MP) yang diusulkan oleh Grice (1975) bertujuan memastikan sesuatu komunikasi dapat berlangsung dengan lancar apabila MP dipatuhi. Ini tidak berlaku dalam realiti dan dibuktikan dalam podcast #NoTapis (#NoTapis, 2020). #NoTapis ialah satu temu bual dengan seorang doktor berkaitan COVID-19. Analisis ini mengaplikasikan metod kualitatif - muat turun, transkripi dan analisis teks. Analisis ini mempunyai dua objektif, iaitu pertamanya, mengenal pasti kepatuhan dan ketidakpatuhan MP; dan keduanya membincangkan faktor kepatuhan MP dan korelasinya dengan elemen pendidikan, iaitu domain kognitif dan afektif dalam taksonomi Bloom (1956). Objektif ini bertitik tolak daripada pandangan Gary (2020) bahawa terdapat kandungan podcast yang bersifat mendidik. Kepatuhan MP didapati berkorelasi dengan domain kognitif dan afektif. Korelasi pada domain kognitif berlaku pada semua aras kecuali aras 5 manakala bagi domain afektif, korelasi berlaku pada semua aras. Pematuhan MP didapati sentiasa berkorelasi dengan aras paling rendah kepada aras yang lebih tinggi. Ini bertepatan dengan penyataan bahawa pengajaran dan pembelajaran (PdP) merupakan satu proses. Dalam konteks podcast ini, doktor berperanan sebagai “guru” manakala pendengar podcast merupakan “pelajar
References
#NoTapis. (2020, Februari 1). Dr Elly Sabrina - Kupas wabak koronavirus Wuhan [Audio podcast]. https://open.spotify.com/episode/0WLh36otEeowT4pWbEL6gV?si=UKU3Aj3sS
Advanced Media Institute. (2020). Storyboarding. https://multimedia.journalism.berkeley.edu/tutorials/starttofinish-storyboarding
Aisya, N., & Fitrawati, F. (2019). An analysis of flouting of maxim performed by politician guests in Mata Najwa talk show in the episode of adu lantang jelang penentuan and babak akhir Pilpres. E-Journal English Language and Literature, 8(4), 42-55.
Anderson, L. W., & Krathwohl, D.R. (Eds.). (2001). A taxonomy for learning, teaching, and assessing: A revision of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. Longman.
Awwad, A. S., Ayasreh, A. M., Ayasrah, N. M., & Al-Sabti, N. (2019). Interpretations of the Gricean conversational maxims violations. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 14(22), 4100-4104.
Bloom, B. S. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals (Cognitive domain, Vol. Handbook I). Mckay.
Krathwohl, D. R., Bloom, B. S., & Masia, B. B. (1964). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals (Affective domain, Vol. Handbook II). David McKay.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020a). COVID-19: Frequently asked questions. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/faq.html
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020b). COVID-19: Symptoms. https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/symptoms-testing/symptoms.html
Crystal, D. (2008). A dictionary of linguistics and phonetics. (6th ed.). Blackwell Publishing.
Davies, B. L. (2007). Grice’s cooperative principle: Meaning and rationality. Journal of Pragmatics, 39, 2308-2331.
Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka. (2015). Andaian. In Kamus dewan (4th ed.). Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.
Dictionary.com. (2020). Podcast. In Dictionary.com. https://www.dictionary.com/browse/podcast
Gary, C. (2020). What is a podcast? An explanation in plain English. https://www.thepodcasthost.com/listening/what-is-a-podcast/
Gribanova, T. I., & Gaidukova, T. M. (2019). Hedging in different types of discourse. Training, Language and Culture, 3(2), 85-99.
Grice, H. P. (1975). Logic and conversation. In Cole, P & Morgan, J. L. (Eds.), Syntax and semantics (Vol. 3) Speech Acts (pp. 41-58). Academic Press.
Hamani, T., & Puluhulawa, Y. (2019). Pragmatics analysis of maxim flouting done by the main characters in Kungfu Panda movie by Jonathan Aibel & Glenn Berger. BRITISH, Jurnal Bahasa Dan Sastra Inggeris, 8(1), 16-26.
Hasan, N., Hamzah, Z. A. Z., Yaakob, N. A., & Husin, F. (2020). Eksploitasi maksim Grice lambang kehalusan berbahasa masyarakat Melayu: Analisis dalam filem Dayang Senandong (1965). International Journal of the Malay World and Civilisation, 8(2), 25-39.
Hewings-Martin, Y. (2020, April 10). How do SARS and MERS compare with COVID-19? https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/how-do-sars-and-mers-compare-with-covid-19
Hoque, M. E. (2016). Three domains of learning: Cognitive, affective and psychomotor. The Journal of EFL Education and Research (JEFLER), 2(2), 45-52.
Intermoutnain Healthcare. (2020, April 2). What’s the difference between a pandemic, an epidemic, endemic, and an outbreak? https://intermountainhealthcare.org/blogs/topics/live-well/2020/04/whats-the-difference-between-a-pandemic-an-epidemic-endemic-and-an-outbreak
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2014). Amalan terbaik antibiotik. http//:www.myhealth.gov.my/ amalan terbaik antibiotik
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2017). Usus sihat: Peranan diet anda. http://www.myhealth.gov.my/usus-sihat-peranan-diet-anda/
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2020a). Soalan lazim penyakit Coronavirus (Covid-19). http://www.myhealth.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/SOALAN-LAZIM-COVID-19.pdf
Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia. (2020b). Antibioktik: Perlu ke? https://www.facebook.com/kementeriankesihatanmalaysia
Kumar, D. Z. (2019). Pragmatic functions of repetitions in spontaneous spoken dialect discourse. Dialectologia et Geolinguistica, 27(1), 123-141.
Mcgivern, A. (2020). What is a podcast? Definition and meaning of podcast. https://www.podcasthero.com/what-is-a-podcast/
Muhammad, A. A., & Karim, H. A. (2019). An analysis of Grice's cooperative principles in some selected English TV interviews. Journal of University of Garmian, 6(2), 444-455.
Patterson, L. (2006). The technology underlying. Computer, 39(10), 103-105. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2961624_The_Technology_Underlying_Podcasts
Prince, E., Bosk, C., & Frader, J. (1982). On hedging in physician-physician discourse. In J. Di Pietro. (Ed.), Linguistics and the professions (pp. 83-97). Ablex.
Pusat Rujukan Persuratan Melayu. (2020). Audio siar. In Dewan bahasa dan pustaka. http://prpmv1.dbp.gov.my/
Richards, J. C. & Schmidt, R. (2002). Dictionary of language teaching and applied linguistics (3rd ed.). Pearson Education Limited.
Roxby, P. (2020). Russian COVID vaccine shows encouraging results. https://www.bbc.com/news/health-54905330
Salager-Meyer, F. (1995). I think that perhaps you should: A study of hedges in written scientific discourse. The Journal of TESOL France, 2(2),127-143.
Sarchio, S. N. E. (2020). 'Imuniti kelompok' kawal, putuskan rantaian jangkitan. https://www.bharian.com.my/kolumnis/2020/12/761028/imuniti-kelompok-kawal-putuskan-rantaian-jangkitan
SPH Media Solutions. (2019). Tap into Berita Harian’s podcast #NOTAPIS. https://www.imsph.sg/tap-into-berita-harians-podcast-notapis/
West, R., & Turner, L. H. (2010). Introducing communication theory: Analysis and application. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
World Health Organization. (2020a). Naming the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the virus that causes it. https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance/naming-the-coronavirus-disease-(covid-2019)-and-the-virus-that-causes-it
World Health Organization. (2020b). WHO Director-General's opening remarks at the media briefing on COVID-19-11 March 2020. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/who-director-general-s-opening-remarks-at-the-media-briefing-on-covid-19---11-march-2020
Zahid, I. (2018). Analisis maksim perbualan Grice dalam soal jawab TV3. Issues in Language Studies, 7(2), 16-35.
Zahid, I. (2020). Ketidakpatuhan maksim perbualan dan komunikasi berkesan dalam soal rakyat. Issues in Language Studies, 9(2), 33-51.
Copyright (c) 2021 UNIMAS Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
