Ketidakpatuhan Maksim Perbualan dan Komunikasi Berkesan dalam “Soal Rakyat”
Abstract
Keberkesanan komunikasi sering kali dikaitkan dengan pematuhan maksim perbualan (MP) yang diusulkan oleh Grice (1975). Terdapat empat MP yang diusulkan, iaitu Kuantiti (MPKTT), Kualiti (MPKLT), Hubungan (MPHUB) dan Cara (MPCR). Ketidakpatuhan MP dianggap sebagai ketidakberkesanan komunikasi. Walau bagaimanapun, kajian telah membuktikan bahawa ketidakpatuhan MP tidak bererti komunikasi yang berlangsung tidak berkesan. Analisis yang dilakukan ini menggunakan temu bual berkisar politik, iaitu Soal Rakyat (SR) sebagai korpus. SR disiarkan di televisyen. Analisis yang dilakukan mempunyai dua objektif, iaitu pertamanya, mengklasifikasi ketidakpatuhan MP dan kedua, membincangkan tujuan serta faktor berlakunya ketidakpatuhan MP dan keberkesanan komunikasi dari perspektif Melayu. Analisis yang dilakukan mengaplikasi kaedah penyelidikan kualitatif, antaranya muat turun, transkripsi dan analisis teks. Dapatan analisis memperlihatkan berlakunya ketidakpatuhan keempat-empat MP dalam SR dengan MPKTT dan MPCR memperlihatkan kecenderungan yang tinggi. Ketidakpatuhan MP tidak menjejaskan keberkesanan komunikasi berdasarkan lima faktor, iaitu latar belakang khalayak, isu semasa, budaya, konteks komunikasi dan wibawa interlokutor. Ketidakpatuhan MP dilakukan bertujuan memberikan penjelasan, membuat penegasan, melahirkan rasa tidak puas hati/marah tentang sesuatu isu dan berkata benar/jujur. Rumusannya, dapatan ini telah menyangkal MP Grice yang dikatakan bersifat universal dan sekali gus menolak pendapat Grundy (2008).
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