The Mediating Role of Chinese Values in the Satisfaction of Work-Life Balance among Chinese Bank Employees: A Case Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.5453.2023Keywords:
Chinese values, satisfaction, work-life balanceAbstract
This study explored the mediating role of Chinese Values in the relationship between antecedents of Work-Life Balance (including work involvement, work overload, work support, family involvement, family overload, and family support) and satisfaction among Chinese bank employees in Sarawak, Malaysia. A quantitative method was employed to gather data from 52 Chinese bank employees, which was then analysed using IBM SPSS version 25.0, Pearson Correlation Analysis, and the PROCESS Macro for mediation analysis. Findings reveal that Chinese Values play a significant mediator role in the relationship between some of the antecedent factors and satisfaction with Work-life Balance. It is recommended that some cultural aspects of Chinese values, which are commonly accepted by other ethnicities, be considered when developing and implementing Work-life Balance programmes in the banking sector. The study highlights the importance of considering cultural differences in the design of workplace programmes to improve Work-life Balance satisfaction among employees.
References
Abdullah, A. (1996). Going glocal: Cultural dimensions in Malaysian management. Shah Alam, Malaysia: Malaysia Institute of Management.
Adams, G. A., King, L. A., & King, D. W. (1996). Relationships of job and family involvement, family social support, and work-family conflict with job and life satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 81(4), 411-420. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.411
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.81.4.411
Aryee, S., Srinivas, E.S., & Tan, H.H. (2005). Rhythms of life: Antecedents and outcomes of work-family balance in employed parents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 90, 132-146. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.132
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.1.132
Chatra, A., & Fahmy, R. (2018). Work-life balance analysis among banking sector employees (case study in bank x branch office Padang Indonesia). Journal of Education and Practice. 9(27). 89-97.
Chinese Culture Connection. (1987). Chinese values and the search for culture-free dimensions of culture. Journal of Cross-cultural Psychology, 18(2), 143-164. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002187018002002
https://doi.org/10.1177/0022002187018002002
Dubin, R. (1956). 'Industrial Workers' World: A study of the central life interests of industrial workers. Social Problems, 3, 131-142. https://doi.org/10.2307/799133
https://doi.org/10.2307/799133
Duxbury, L., Stevenson, M., & Higgins, C. (2018). Too much to do, too little time: Role overload and stress in a multi-role environment. International Journal of Stress Management, 25(3), 250-266. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000062
https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000062
Etzion, D. (1984). Moderating effect of social support on the stress burnout relationship. Journal of Applied Psychology, 69(4), 615-62
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.69.4.615
Frone, M. R., Russell, M., & Cooper, M. L. (1992). Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 77(1), 65-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.77.1.65
Frone, M. R., Yardley, J. K., & Markel, K.S. (1997). Developing and testing an integrative model of the work-family interface. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 50, 145-167. https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.1577
https://doi.org/10.1006/jvbe.1996.1577
Fung, Y.L. (1948). A short history of Chinese philosophy. New York: Macmillan.
Greenhaus, J.H., & Collins, K.M., & Shaw, J.D. (2003). The relation between work-family balance and quality of life. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 63, 510-531. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(02)00042-8
Greenhaus, J. H., & Parasuraman, S. (1999). Research on work, family, and gender: Current status and future directions. In G. N. Powell (Ed.), Handbook of gender and work (pp. 391-412). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
https://doi.org/10.4135/9781452231365.n20
Greenhaus, J. H., & Powell, G. N. (2006). When work and family are allies: A theory of work-family enrichment. Academy of Management Review, 25, 178-199. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2006.19379625
Hall, D.T., & Richter, J. (1988). Balancing work life and home life: What can organisations do to help? Academy of Management Perspective, 2(3), 213-223. https://doi.org/10.5465/AME.1988.4277258
https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.1988.4277258
Hassan, Z., & Hamidi, H. (2012). Predicting work-family and family-work conflict from work and family domain: A longitudinal study. International Journal of Management Studies, 19(1), 135-150.
https://doi.org/10.32890/ijms.19.1.2012.10364
Hofstede, G. (1979). Value systems in forty countries: Interpretation, validation, and consequences for theory. In L.H. Eckensberger, W.J. Lonner, & Y.H. Poortinga (Eds.), Cross-cultural contributions to psychology. Lisse, Netherlands: Swets & Zeitlinger.
Hofstede, G. (1991). Culture and organisations: Software of the mind. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Hofstede, G. (2011). Dimensionalising cultures: The Hofstede model in context. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 2(1), 1-26. https://doi.org/ 10.9707/2307-0919.1014
https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1014
House, J.S. (1981). Work Stress and Social Support. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley.
Hu, W.Z. (2003). The importance of values in the study of Chinese intercultural communication. President Keynote address at China's 5th International Symposium on Intercultural Communication, Xiangtan University.
Hughes, J., & Bozionelos, N. (2007). Work-Life balance as a source of job dissatisfaction and withdrawal attitudes: An exploratory study on the views of male workers. Personnel Review, 36(1), 145-154. https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480710716768
https://doi.org/10.1108/00483480710716768
Jain, S., & Nair, S. K. (2017). Work support and family support as predictors of Work-to-family
enrichment and Family-to-work Enrichment. Global Business Review, 18(5), 1307-1324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917710332
https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917710332
Kawangit, R. M., Abdul D. G., Hamjah, S. H., Md. Sham, F., Mohd Nasir, B., Asha'ari, M. F., et al. (2012). The history of ethnic relationship in Malaysia. Advances in Natural and Applied Science, 6, 504-510.
Kirchmeyer, C. (2000). Work-life initiatives: Greed or benevolence regarding workers' time? In C. L. Cooper & D. M. Rousseau (Eds.), Trends in Organisational Behavior, 7, 79-93. West Sussex, England: Willey.
Kofodimos, J.R. (1993) Balancing act: How managers can integrate successful careers and fulfilling personal lives. SF, USA: Josey-bass.
Lee, Y.F. (2009). Chinese Education and Chinese identity in Malaysia. Historia: International Journal of History Education, 10(2). 11-25.
Lee, K.H., & Tan. C.B. (2000). The Chinese in Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur. Oxford University Press.
Lodahl, T.M. & Kejner, M.M. (1965). The definition and measurement of job involvement. Journal of Applied Psychology, 49, 24-33. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021692
https://doi.org/10.1037/h0021692
Lu, J.F., Siu, O.L., Spector, P.E., & Shi, K. (2009). Antecedents and outcomes of a fourfold taxonomy of Work-family balance in Chinese employed parents. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(2), 182-192. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014115
https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014115
Ng, Y.L. (2021). A multi-perspective study of the Chinese of Malaysia [Review of the book Calling Malaysia Home: Studies on the Malaysian Chinese community (in Chinese)]. Malaysian Journal of Chinese Studies, 10(1). 97-100.
Poulose, S., & Dhal, M. (2020), Role of perceived work-life balance between work overload and career commitment. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 35(3), 169-183. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-03-2018-0117
https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-03-2018-0117
Reilly, M.D. (1982). Working wives and convenience consumption. Journal of Consumer Research, 8, 407-418. https://doi.org/10.1086/208881
https://doi.org/10.1086/208881
Siu, O.L. & Phillips, D.R. (2007). Research on Family-Friendly policies and practices in Hong Kong: Executive summary, Hong Kong: Equal Opportunity Commission and Women's Commission.
Tan, C. B. (1997). Chinese identities in Malaysia. Southern Asian Journal of Social Science, 25(2), Special Focus: Transformations of Ethnic Identity in Malaysia and Singapore, 103-116. https://doi.org/10.1163/030382497X00194
https://doi.org/10.1163/030382497X00194
Thakur, A. & Kumar, N. (2015). The effect of perceived organisational support, role related aspects and work involvement on Work-life balance: Self-efficacy as a moderator. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publication, 5(1), 1-8
Valcour, M. (2007). Work-Based resources as moderators of the relationship between work hours and satisfaction of work family balance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(6), 1512-1523. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1512
https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.92.6.1512
Wan, C.D., Lee, M. N. N., Sirat, M., & Heng, W.Z. (2020). Identities of Chinese Community-Based Higher Education Institutions in Malaysia: An exploration study using the concept of "roots". International Journal of Chinese Education. 9(1). 68-88. https://doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340120
https://doi.org/10.1163/22125868-12340120
Wang, G. (2009). Chinese history paradigms. Asian Ethnicity. 10(3). 201-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/14631360903189674
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
4) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
5) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
