SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE IN LEARNING ARABIC AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE VIA ONLINE

Keywords: Foreign language, Malaysian undergraduates, Online learning, Self-efficacy, Self-regulated learning (SRL)

Abstract

As online learning becomes a major development in the recent years and escalates due the COVID-19 pandemic, it helps to have a high self-efficacy and self-regulated learning (SRL) to succeed in such learning context. This study explored the undergraduates’ levels of self-efficacy and SRL, and provides a comparative analysis of these variables while learning Arabic as a Foreign language via online. The data was collected from 77 undergraduates in a public university in Malaysia through an online survey. The findings showed that both self-efficacy and SRL mean scores were high, and that there was a statistically strong positive relationship between SE and SRL. Students appeared to adapt to online learning by managing their time, organising their schedule, interacting with classmates and instructors, and selecting the best spot to maximise their online learning experience. It is therefore important for lecturers or language instructors to create an interesting and inspiring lesson plans in an online environment so that they experience satisfaction inside and outside of learning simultaneously facilitate them for their success in language learning.

Author Biographies

Suhaida OMAR, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Suhaida Omar is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia. Graduated from the University of Warwick, UK in EdD (Applied Linguistics and ELT), and her research interests include Reading in SL/FL, Sociolinguistics, English Language Teaching and CLIL. She is currently involved as a member of ELHAM team and English Roadmap UA under the supervision of JPT, KPT.

SCOPUS AUTHOR ID: 57326999800

Nur Hafezah HUSSEIN, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Nur Hafezah Hussein is an English lecturer in the General Studies Department at the Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, University Malaysia Kelantan since 2011. She has taught a number of courses on English language proficiency over the years at university level. Her research and publication interests include second language teaching and learning, motivation and attitudes in language learning, 21st century learning, gamification in language learning as well as technology-integrated language teaching and learning.

Nurul Fatihah HANAPI, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Nurul Fatihah Hanapi is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia. She graduated from the University of Jordan, Jordan in Arabic Language and Literature, and her research interests include Text Linguistics, Arabic for Specific Purposes and Arabic literature.

Yasmin See ABDULLAH, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Yasmin See Abdullah is a Language Teacher at the Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Malaysia. Graduated from University of Malaya, Malaysia in Master of Arts, and her research interests include Chinese as a foreign language studies, Mandarin Language Teaching and foreign language acquisition.

Asma Lailee MOHD NOOR, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Asma Lailee Mohd Noor is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK). She graduated from the University of Southampton, and her areas of interest include community learning and development, sociology of work and organisation, and community management.

Siti Bahirah SAIDI, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan

Siti Bahirah Saidi is a Senior Lecturer at the Faculty of Language Studies and Human Development, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan (UMK). She graduated with a Ph.D. in Education from the University of York, the UK, in 2018. Her areas of interest include motivation and identity in language learning, language use in the social context, and language development.

References

Agustiani, H., Cahyad, S., & Musa, M. (2016). Self-efficacy and self-regulated learning as

predictors of students’ academic performance. The Open Psychology Journal, 9(1),

-6. 10.2174/1874350101609010001

An, Z., Wang, C., Li, S., Gan, Z., & Li, H. (2021). Technology-assisted self-regulated English

language learning: Associations with English language self-efficacy, English

enjoyment, and learning outcomes. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 1-14.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.558466

Artino Jr, A. R., & Stephens, J. M. (2009). Academic motivation and self-regulation: A

comparative analysis of undergraduate and graduate students learning online. The

Internet and Higher Education, 12(3-4), 146-151.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2009.0 2.001

Baars, M., Leopold, C., & Paas, F. (2018). Self-explaining steps in problem- solving tasks to

improve self-regulation in secondary education. J. Educ. Psychol, 110, 578-595.

https://doi: 10.1037/edu0000223

Badiozaman, I. F. A., Leong, H. J., & Jikus, O. (2019). Students’ perception and use of

English in higher education institutions: Links with academic self-efficacy. Journal

of Applied Research in Higher Education, 11(1), 36-49.

www.emeraldinsight.com/2050-7003.htm

Bandura, A. (2002). Social cognitive theory in cultural context. Applied Psychology, 51(2),

-290. https://doi.org/10.1111/1464-0597.00092

Barnard, L., Lan, W. Y., To, Y. M., Paton, V. O., & Lai, S. L. (2009). Measuring self-regulation

in online and blended learning environments. The Internet and Higher Education,

(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2008.10.005

Deputy Vice Chancellor for Academic & International. (2020). Academic circular

no.6/2020 guidelines for the implementation of online teaching and learning

following the movement control order (COVID-19) of Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.

UMK.B01.02.100-1/3/1(11). Universiti Malaysia Kelantan.

Handayani, S., & Sholikhah, N. (2021). Pengaruh antara self efficacy dan self regulated

learning terhadap prestasi belajar mahasiswa selama pembelajaran daring.

Edukatif: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 3(4), 1373-1382.

https://doi.org/10.31004/edukatif.v3i4.553

Hasan, M. Z. B., Hossain, T. B., & Islam, A. (2014). Factors affecting self-efficacy towards

academic performance: A study on polytechnic students in Malaysia. Advances in

Environmental Biology, 8(9), 695-705.

http://www.aensiweb.com/old/aeb/special%204%202014/695-705.pdf

Joo, Y. J., Lim, K. Y., & Kim, J. (2013). Locus of control, self-efficacy, and task value as

predictors of learning outcome in an online university context. Computers &

Education, 62, 149-158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2012.10.027

Latip, M. S. A., Noh, I., Tamrin, M., & Latip, S. N. N. A. (2020). Students’ acceptance for elearning

and the effects of self-efficacy in Malaysia. International Journal of

Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 10(5), 658-674.

http://dx.doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v10-i5/7239

Lee, D., Watson, S., & Watson, W. (2020). The relationships between self-efficacy, task

value, and self-regulated learning strategies in massive open online courses.

International Review of Research in Open and Distributed Learning, 21(1), 23-39.

https://doi.org/10.19173/irrodl.v20i5.438

Li, S., & Zheng, J. (2018). The relationship between self-efficacy and self-regulated

learning in one-to-one computing environment: the mediated role of task values.

The Asia-Pacific Education Researcher, 27(6), 455-463.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-018-0405-2

Lim, C. L., Ab Jalil, H., Maa’rof, A. M., & Saad, W. Z. (2020). Self-regulated learning as a

mediator in the relationship between peer learning and online learning satisfaction:

A study of a private university in Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Learning &

Instruction, 17(1), 51-75. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2020.17.1.3.

Littlejohn, A., Hood, N., Milligan, C., & Mustain, P. (2016). Learning in MOOCs: Motivations

and self-regulated learning in MOOCs. The Internet and Higher Education, 29, 40-

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2015.1 2.003

Loong, T. E. (2012). Self-regulated learning between low-, average-, and high-math

achievers among preuniversity international students in Malaysia. European

Journal of Social Sciences, 30(2), 302-312.

https://www.europeanjournalofsocialsciences.com/issues/EJSS_30_2.html

Omar, S., Shaharuddin, W. Y. W., Azim, N. A. F., Azim, N., Nawi, N. S. M., Zaini, N., &

Syahfutra, W. (2021). Academic motivation in English online classes: A comparative

study of universities in Malaysia and Indonesia. Indonesian Journal of Applied

Linguistics, 11(2), 477-487.

https://ejournal.upi.edu/index.php/IJAL/article/view/34538

Ömer, Ö. Z. E. R., & Akçayoğlu, D. I. (2021). Examining the roles of self-efficacy beliefs,

self-regulated learning and foreign language anxiety in the academic achievement

of tertiary EFL learners. Participatory Educational Research, 8(2), 357-372.

Reparaz, C., Aznárez-Sanado, M., & Mendoza, G. (2020). Self-regulation of learning and

MOOC retention. Computers in Human Behavior, 111(2), 106423.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2020.106423

Saunders, M. N. K., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2019) Research methods for business

students (8th ed.). Pearson.

Schunk, D. H., & Pajares, F. (2002). The development of academic self-efficacy. In A.

Wigfield & J. S. Eccles (Eds.), Development of achievement motivation (pp. 15-31).

Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-012750053-9/50003-6

Shen, D., Cho, M. H., Tsai, C. L., & Marra, R. (2013). Unpacking online learning experiences:

Online learning self-efficacy and learning satisfaction. The Internet and Higher

Education, 19, 10-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iheduc.2013.04.001

Simamora, R. M. (2020). The challenges of online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic:

An essay analysis of performing arts education students. Studies in Learning and

Teaching, 1(2), 86-103. https://doi.org/10.46627/silet

Tsai, C. L., Cho, M. H., Marra, R., & Shen, D. (2020). The self-efficacy questionnaire for

online learning (SeQoL). Distance Education, 41(4), 472-489.

https://doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2020.1821604

Ulfatun, T., Septiyanti, F., & Lesmana, A. G. (2021). University students’ online learning

self-efficacy and self-regulated learning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 11(12), 597-

http://www.ijiet.org/vol11/1570-IJIET-3049.pdf

University Senate Standing Committee for Undergraduate. (2016). ‘Item 6.3: Blended

learning mode achievement reporting’. Minutes of the university senate standing

committee for undergraduate meeting no.8/2016 (34th time) 08 September 2016,

Maybank entrepreneurship meeting room, City Campus, Universiti Malaysia

Kelantan.

Wang, C. H., Shannon, D. M., & Ross, M. E. (2013). Students’ characteristics, self-regulated

learning, technology self-efficacy, and course outcomes in online learning. Distance

Education, 34(3), 302-323. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01587919.2013.835779

Wulandari, R. N. A., Rosy, B., Trisnawati, N., Nugraha, J., & Rahmawati, F. (2023). Factors

influencing students’ academic performance in online courses during the COVID-19

pandemic. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 8(2), 107-114.

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/jptpp.v8i2.21395

Yu, B. (2023). Self-regulated learning: A key factor in the effectiveness of online learning

for second language learners. Front Psychol, 13(1051349), 1-6.

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1051349

Zapata-Cuervo, N., Montes-Guerra, M. I., Shin, H. H., Jeong, M., & Cho, M. H. (2023).

Students’ psychological perceptions toward online learning engagement and

outcomes during the COVID-19 pandemic: A comparative analysis of students in

three different countries. Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Education, 35(2), 108-

https://doi.org/10.1080/10963758.2021.1907195

Zimmerman, B. J. (2000). Self-efficacy: An essential motive to learn. Contemporary

Educational Psychology, 25, 82-91. https://doi.org/10.1006/ceps.1999.1016

Zimmerman, B. J., & Schunk, D. H. (2011). Self-regulated learning and performance: An

introduction and an overview. In B. J. Zimmerman & D. H. Schunk (Eds.), Handbook

of self-regulation of learning and performance (pp. 1–12). Routledge.

Published
2023-12-20
How to Cite
OMAR, S., HUSSEIN, N. H., HANAPI, N. F., ABDULLAH, Y. S., MOHD NOOR, A. L., & Siti Bahirah. (2023). SELF-EFFICACY AND SELF-REGULATED LEARNING AMONG UNDERGRADUATE IN LEARNING ARABIC AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE VIA ONLINE. Issues in Language Studies, 12(2), 227 - 245. https://doi.org/10.33736/ils.5566.2023