Social Networking of Owner-Managers in Small Accommodation in Malaysia: Implications for HRD
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcshd.784.2018Abstract
Small accommodation providers are challenged to grow their business due to their limited resources. Although social networking is suggested to assist organization growth, few studies have focused on how owner-managers in the Malaysian hospitality industry network and the value they attach to it. This paper presents findings of 10 in-depth interviews of social networking motivation and barrier of owner-managers of small accommodation in Kuching, Malaysia. The findings show that the owner-managers were motivated by the perceived organizational and personal benefits of networking with others. However, issues such as social competence and business concerns were identified as barriers that may limit their participation in networking. To overcome these issues, it is suggested that educators, policymakers, and trade associations work together with the owner-managers to address their specific development and resource needs.
Keywords: Social networking; small firm; SME; entrepreneur; Malaysia
References
Abdullah, F.Z., Ishak, N.K., & Bustaman, F.L. (2012). A case study of small budget chalets at East Coast of Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 3(1), 275-282.
Ahmad, G. (2005). Small firm owner-managers' networks in tourism and hospitality. International Journal of Business and Society, 6(2), 37-54.
Andrade, A. D. (2009). Interpretive research aiming at theory building: Adopting and adapting the case study design. The Qualitative Report, 14(1), 42-60.
Baron, R. A., & Markman, G. D. (2000). Beyond social capital: How social skills can enhance entrepreneurs' success. Academy of Management Executive, 14(1), 106-116. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/4165612
https://doi.org/10.5465/ame.2000.2909843
Borch, O.J., & Arthur, M.B. (1995). Strategic networks among small firms: Implications for strategy research methodology. The Journal of Management Studies, 32(4), 419-441.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6486.1995.tb00783.x
Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J.G. Richardson (Ed.), Handbook of theory and research for the sociology of education. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press, Inc.
Bratkovic, T., Antoncic, B., & DeNoble, A. F. (2012). Relationships between networking, entrepreneurial self-efficacy and firm growth: The case of Slovenian companies. Economic Research, 25(1), 61-71.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2012.11517494
Burt, R.S. (2005). Brokerage and closure: An introduction to social capital. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
Casson, M. & Giusta, M.D. (2007). Entrepreneurship and social capital: Analyzing the impact of social networks on entrepreneurial activity from a rational action perspective. International Small Business Journal 25(3), 220-244.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242607076524
Chan, J.K.L., & Quah, W.B. (2008). Key issues on managing small and medium-sized accommodation businesses: An exploratory study. TEAM Journal of Hospitality & Tourism, 5(1), 13-25.
Chetty, S. K., & Stangl, L. M. (2010). Internationalization and innovation in a network relationship context. European Journal of Marketing, 44(11/12), 1725 - 1743.
https://doi.org/10.1108/03090561011079855
Cohen, D. & Prusak, L. (2001). In good company: How social capital makes organizations work. Boston, Massachusetts: Boston Business School Press.
https://doi.org/10.1145/358974.358979
Cooper, A. C., & Gascon, F. J. G. (1992). Entrepreneurs, processes of founding, and new firm performance. In D. L. Sexton & J. D. Kasarda (Eds.), The State of the Art of Entrepreneurship (pp. 301-340). Boston: PWS-Kent.
Creswell, J.W. (2007). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Curran, J., Jarvis, R., Blackburn, R.A., & Black, S. (1993). Networks and small firms: Constructs, methodological strategies and some findings. International Small Business Journal, 11(2), 13-25.
https://doi.org/10.1177/026624269301100202
Drakopoulou-Dodd, S., Jack, S., & Anderson, A. R. (2006). The mechanisms and processes of entrepreneurial networks: continuity and change. In J. Wiklund, D. Dimov, J. A. Katz & D. Shepherd (Eds.), Advances in entrepreneurship, firm emergence and growth (Entrepreneurship: frameworks and empirical investigations from forthcoming leaders of European research ed., Vol. 9, pp. 107-145).
Elmore, B. (2009). Social networking strategies. Baylor Business Review, 28(1), 25-26. Retrieved from www.baylor.edu/bbr/Facebook.
Frazier, B.J. & Niehm, L.S. (2004). Exploring business information networks of small retailers in rural communities. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 9(1), 23-42.
Gabbay, S.M., & Leenders, R.A.J. (2000) Social capital of organizations: From social structure to the managemend to social capital. Social Capital of Organizations, 18, 1-20.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0733-558X(01)18001-8
Guest, G., Bunce, A. & Johnson, L. (2006). How many interviews are enough? An experiment with data saturation and variability. Field Methods, 18(1), 59-80. doi: 10.1177/1525822X05279903
https://doi.org/10.1177/1525822X05279903
Gulati, R. (1995). Does familiarity breed trust? The implications of repeated ties for contractual choice in alliances. The Academy of Management Journal, 38 (1), 85-112
https://doi.org/10.2307/256729
Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. Newbury Park, CA: Sage
https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8
Lockett, N., Jack, S., & Larty, J. (2012). Motivations and challenges of network formation: Entrepreneur and intermediary perspectives. International Small Business Journal, 1-24. Doi: 10.1177/0266242612448383
https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242612448383
Hinrichs, C.C., Gillespie, G.W., & Feenstra, G.W. (2004). Social learning and innovation at retail farmers markets. Rural Sociology, 69(1), 31-58.
https://doi.org/10.1526/003601104322919892
Hoang, H., & Antoncic, B. (2003). Network-based research in entrepreneurship: A critical review. Journal of Business Venturing, 18, 165-187. http://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00081-2
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9026(02)00081-2
Jaafar, M., Toh, K.I., & M.Sukarno, S.Z. (2011). Problems of small and medium budget hotel operators. World Applied Sciences Journal, 12, 73-79.
Jack, S. L. (2010). Approaches to studying networks: Implications and outcomes. Journal of Business Venturing, 25(1), 120-137. doi: 10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusvent.2008.10.010
Jack, S.L., Drakopoulou-Dodd, S. & Anderson, A.R. (2004). Social structures and entrepreneurial networks: The strength of strong ties. The International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation, 5(2), 107-120.
https://doi.org/10.5367/000000004773863264
Knouse, S., & Webb, S. (2001). Virtual networks for women and minorities. Career Development International, 6(4), 226-229. doi:10.1108/13620430110397541
https://doi.org/10.1108/13620430110397541
Koka, B.R. & Prescott, J.E. (2002). Strategic alliances as social capital: A multidimensional view. Strategic Management Journal, 23, 795-816.
https://doi.org/10.1002/smj.252
Lans, T., Verhees, F., & Verstegen, J. (2016). Social competence in small firms: Fostering workplace learning and performance. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 27(3), 321-348. Doi: 10.1002/hrdq.21254
https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21254
Lans, T., Biemans, H., Verstegen, J., & Mulder, M. (2008). The influence of the work environment on entrepreneurial learning of small-business owners. Management Learning, 39(5), 597-613.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1350507608098117
Latip, H., & Smyrnios, K. (2012). Social capital and entrepreneurship: Building a national entrepreneurial capacity for sustainable development. Paper presented at the 2012 International Conference on Economics, Business and Marketing Management, Singapore (pp.158-162). Singapore: IACSIT Press.
Leader-Chivee, L., & Cowan, E. (2008). Networking the way to success: Online social networks for workplace and competitive advantage. People and Strategy, 31(4), 40-46. Retrieved from http://www.hrps.org/?page=peoplestrategy
Loane, S., & Bell, J. (2006). Rapid internationalization among entrepreneurial firms in Australia, Canada, Ireland and New Zealand: An extension to the network approach. International Marketing Review, 23(5), 467-485.
https://doi.org/10.1108/02651330610703409
Martinez, M. A., Aldrich, H. E. (2011). Networking strategies for entrepreneurs: Balancing cohesion and diversity. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behaviour & Research, 17, 7-38. doi:10.1108/13552551111107499
https://doi.org/10.1108/13552551111107499
Maxwell, J.A. (2013). Qualitative research design (3rd Ed.) Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
McIntosh, R.W., Goeldner, C.R. & Ritchie, J.R.B. (1995). Tourism: principles, practices, philosophies (7th ed.). New York: Wiley.
Md. Salleh, N.Z., Abdul Hamid, A.B., Hashim, N.H., & Omain, S.Z. (2010). Issues and challenges in Malaysian hotel operations. Paper presented at the 3rd Asia-Euro Tourism, Hospitality and Gastronomy conference, Taylor College, Malaysia.
Meng, J., & Elliott K.M. (2008). Predictors of Relationship Quality for Luxury Restaurants. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 15 (6), 509-515.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2008.02.002
Merriam, S.B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Miller, N. J., & Besser, T. L. (2005). Exploring decision strategies and evaluations of performance by networked and non-networked small U.S. businesses. Journal of Developmental Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 167-186. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/S1084946705000124
https://doi.org/10.1142/S1084946705000124
Nakamura, Y.T. & Yorks, L. (2011). The role of reflective practices in building social capital in organizations from an HRD perspective. Human Resource Development Review, 10(3), 222-245.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484311411076
Patton, M.Q. (1999). Enhancing the quality and credibility of qualitative analysis. HSR: Health Services Research 34(5 Part II), 1189-1208.
Rudestam, K. E., & Newton, R. R. (2007). Surviving your dissertation: A comprehensive guide to content and process (3rd ed.). Los Angeles, CA: Sage Publications.
Saldana, J. (2016). The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
Seibert, S.E., Kraimer, M.L. & Liden, R.C. (2001). A social capital theory of career success. The Academy of Management Journal, 44(2), 219-238. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org.ezp1.lib.umn.edu/stable/3069452
https://doi.org/10.2307/3069452
Seidman, I. (1998). Interviewing as qualitative research (2nd ed.). New York: Teachers College, Columbia University.
SME Corporation Malaysia (2013). Annual Report 2012. Retrieved from http://www.smecorp.gov.my/vn2/node/1067
Tourism Malaysia Corporation (2015). Tourist arrivals and receipts to Malaysia. Retrieved from http://corporate.tourism.gov.my/research.asp?page=facts_figures
Wetsterlund, M., Rajala, R., & Leminen, S. (2008). SME business models in global competition: A network perspective. International Journal of Globalization and Small Business, 2(3), 342 - 358.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJGSB.2008.017294
Wiklund, J., Patzelt, H., & Shepherd, D. (2009). Building an integrative model of small business growth. Small Business Economics, 32(4), 351-374. doi: 10.1007/s11187- 007-9084-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11187-007-9084-8
Yin, R. K. (2009). Case study research: Design and methods. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Zhou, Wu, W., & Luo, X. (2007). Internationalization and the performance of born-global SMEs: The mediating role of social networks. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(4), 673-690.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
4) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
5) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.