Kamus Thomas Bowrey dan Sosiobudaya Melayu Abad Ke-17
Abstract
Thomas Bowrey merupakan pedagang British yang belayar di Kepulauan Melayu pada abad ke-17 dan telah menghasilkan sebuah kamus Inggeris-Melayu pertama yang diterbitkan pada tahun 1701 di London. Kamus ini disusun sebagai usaha membantu orang-orang Inggeris yang berhasrat ke Kepulauan Melayu selepas Bowrey. Makalah ini bertujuan membincangkan aspek sosiobudaya yang terdapat dalam data kamus Thomas Bowrey (KTB). Perbandingan secara sinkronis dan diakronis menjadi dasar analisis ini. Kaedah tinjauan digunakan untuk menganalisis setiap kata dalam KTB. Penguraian kesemua entri dalam kamus ini terdiri atas perbandingan dengan kamus yang lebih moden dan data korpus lain seperti Kamus Dewan Edisi Keempat (Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, 2007), Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (dalam talian), A Comprehensive Indonesian-English Dictionary (Stevens & Schmidgall-Tellings, 2010). Sumber sezaman seperti daftar kata Pigafetta (1525), daftar kata Houtman (1603) dan daftar kata Wiltens dan Danckaerts (1623) digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyempurnakan penguraian data kamus Bowrey. Aspek sosiobudaya yang dibincangkan dalam makalah ini merangkumi data yang berkaitan dengan istilah kata ganti nama (sapaan) dan istilah kekeluargaan. Makalah ini menyimpulkan data yang dipaparkan Bowrey (1701) menunjukkan istilah bagi kata ganti nama dan istilah kekeluargaan banyak menerima unsur daripada bahasa asing seperti Hindi dan Jawa selain merakamkan beberapa istilah yang tidak dapat dihuraikan secara linguistik.
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