Fonologi variasi Kumpang di Sungai Ketungau: Analisis perbandingan
Phonological variant of Kumpang at Sungai Ketungau: A comparative analysis
Abstract
Makalah ini mendeskripsikan fonologi variasi Kumpang, salah satu variasi Ibanik di Sungai Ketungau, Kalimantan Barat. Kajian ini merupakan sebuah kajian sinkronik yang mendeskriptif bahasa Ibanik kontemporari. Aspek linguistik yang dibincangkan ialah sistem vokal, diftong dan konsonan Kumpang. Dengan membandingkannya dengan data-data Ibanik yang lain, misalnya Demam, Sebaru’, Bugau, Banjur dan Iban, kajian ini mempersoalkan kajian-kajian terdahulu tentang jumlah vokal yang terkandung dalam bahasa Ibanik. Analisis terhadap diftong mendapati bahasa Ibanik kaya dengan kosa kata yang berdiftong /-ay/ justeru kerana wujud penjelmaan /*-aŋ/ dan /-an/ > /-ai/. Dari segi aspek konsonan, didapati fonem yang sepadan dengan /ɣ/ dalam variasi Kumpang adalah berdiversiti, misalnya muncul sebagai /r/, /ʁ/ ataupun /h/. Begitu juga dengan /-s/. Pada posisi akhir kata, /-s/ muncul sebagai alofon [-ҫ] atau [-h], bergantung kepada variasi Ibanik tertentu. Berdasarkan data perbandingan, kajian ini telah membuktikan kadar diversiti bahasa Ibanik sebenarnya sangat tinggi di Borneo Barat.
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