Analisis Penggunaan Isti‘Arah; Kajian terhadap Beberapa Hadith Amthal Rasulullah S.A.W.
Abstract
Isti‘arah merupakan salah satu gaya bayan yang indah. Melaluinya penutur mampu menampilkan makna dalam bentuk yang boleh nampak untuk mendekatkan pemahaman pendengar terhadap sesuatu idea yang ingin diketengahkan. Rasulullah S.A.W. sebagai orang Arab yang paling tinggi kepetahannya menggunakan pendekatan ini untuk menyampaikan sesuatu makna dengan cara yang paling berkesan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti unsur isti‘arah di dalam amthal Rasulullah S.A.W. serta gambaran yang dibina oleh baginda untuk menyampaikan sesuatu idea. Kajian juga bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh makna nahu dalam binaan amthal Rasulullah S.A.W.. Bahan kajian merupakan beberapa amthal pilihan yang terdapat di dalam kitab himpunan amthal serta diriwayatkan di dalam Sahih al-Bukhariy dan Sahih Muslim. Dapatan kajian menunjukkan bahawa Rasulullah S.A.W. membina perlambangan yang objek untuk menyampaikan sesuatu idea yang abstrak. Hal ini kerana, bayan Rasulullah S.A.W. berfungsi untuk memperjelaskan makna dalam bentuk yang boleh nampak bagi menjelaskan perkara yang kesamaran, mendekatkan perkara yang jauh serta menampakkan perkara yang abstrak. Dapatan kajian juga menunjukkan baginda menggunakan berbagai pendekatan untuk membina gambaran makna yang dikehendaki seperti pengguguran komponen ayat, gaya nafi, fi‘il mabniy li majhul serta elemen persekitaran sosiobudaya Arab seperti musim bunga, lubang dan patukan ular serta dapur pemanggang roti.
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