INTERACTIVITY OF STRATEGIC ORIENTATIONS AND ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT IN ADVANCING FINANCIAL PROSPERITY OF MSMEs IN GHANA

Authors

  • Obed Kwabina Opoku Nkansah Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Vanessa Gaffar Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia
  • Dennis Mawuli Korkoryi Jnr J. C. Lewis Primary Healthcare, 5 Mall Annex Savannah, USA
  • Alfira Sofia Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.9557.2025

Keywords:

Prospector strategy, Defender strategy, financial prosperity, Mediating role

Abstract

Business leaders and academics in the business management space continue to find ways to enhance the financial prosperity of MSMEs in the wake of continual threatening business environmental risks. Many continue to view business strategy as a key tool for business advancement. This research aims to study the mediating effect of ERM on the impact of prospector and defender strategies on financial prosperity of Ghanaian MSMEs. Quantitative data was collected with aid of questionnaire. The study employed the partial least square structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS in testing the hypotheses of the study. The results indicated that ERM significantly mediates the relationship between prospector and defender strategies and the financial prosperity of MSMEs serving as mechanism through which strategic orientations translate into financial outcomes. The findings of the research proved advantageous for managers of MSMEs in that it aids them to push for knowledge regarding the influence of diverse business strategies on financial performance and be able to identify risks that militate against firms’ financial prosperity. The results of the study can be utilised by policymakers in formulating policies and devising supportive programmes on efficient adoption of business strategies and the effective implementation of enterprise risk management practices.

References

Afriyie, S., Du, J., & Ibn Musah, A.-A. (2019). Innovation and marketing performance of SME in an emerging economy: the moderating effect of transformational leadership. Journal of Global Entrepreneurship Research, 9(1), 4-5. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0165-3

https://doi.org/10.1186/s40497-019-0165-3

Agus, A., Ningsih, T., & Diyanah, I. (2024). Theory of Financial Behavior in the Concept of Scoping Review : Perspective of Export Crafts MSMEs. Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(6), 1977-1992.

Agustina, L., & Baroroh, N. (2016). The relationship between Enterprise Risk Management (ERM) and firm value mediated through the financial performance. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 5(1), 128-138.

Alakwe, K. O. (2017). Positivism and Knowledge Inquiry : From Scientific Method to Media and Communication Research. Special Journal of Humanities and Cultural Science, 2(3), 38-46.

Alnoor, A., Khaw, K. W., Al-Abrrow, H., & Alharbi, R. K. (2022b). The hybrid strategy on the basis of Miles and Snow and Porter's strategies: An overview of the current state-of-the-art of research. International Journal of Engineering Business Management, 14, 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790221080214

https://doi.org/10.1177/18479790221080214

Ammar, O., & Chereau, P. (2018). Business model innovation from the strategic posture perspective: An exploration in manufacturing SMEs. European Business Review, 30(1), 38-65. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-09-2016-0119

https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-09-2016-0119

Arend, R. J., & Lévesque, M. (2010). Is the Resource-Based View a Practical Organizational Theory ? Is the Resource-Based View a Practical Organizational Theory ? May 2015, 12-13. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0484

https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.1090.0484

Aven, T. (2016). Risk assessment and risk management: Review of recent advances on their foundation. European Journal of Operational Research, 253(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.12.023 Baird, I. S. (1985). Toward a Contingency Model of Strategic Risk Taking. Academy of Management Review, 10(2), 230-243.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejor.2015.12.023

-alhaBodolica, V., & Spraggon, M. (2021). Leadership in times of organizational decline: a literature review of antecedents, consequences and moderators. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 29(2), 415-435. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2020-2123

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-04-2020-2123

Bojanc, R., & Jerman-blaz, B. (2008). An economic modelling approach to information security risk management. International Journal of Information Management, 28, 413-422. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2008.02.002

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2008.02.002

Bottema-Beutel, K., Lloyd, B., Carter, E. W., & Asmus, J. M. (2014). Generalizability and decision studies to inform observational and experimental research in classroom settings. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 119(6), 589-605. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.6.589

https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.6.589

Breslin, D., & Gatrell, C. (2023). Theorizing Through Literature Reviews: The Miner-Prospector Continuum. Organizational Research Methods, 26(1), 139-167. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428120943288

https://doi.org/10.1177/1094428120943288

Brustbauer, J. (2016). Enterprise risk management in SMEs: Towards a structural model. International Small Business Journal, 34(1), 70-85. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614542853

https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242614542853

Chen, J., Yin, X., & Mei, L. (2018). Holistic Innovation: An Emerging Innovation Paradigm. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 2(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2018.02.001

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2018.02.001

Croteau, A. M., & Bergeron, F. (2001). An information technology trilogy: Business strategy, technological deployment and organizational performance. Journal of Strategic Information Systems, 10(2), 77-99. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(01)00044-0

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0963-8687(01)00044-0

Das, S., & Canel, C. (2023). Linking manufacturing and competitive strategies for successful firm performance: a review and reconceptualization. Journal of Strategy and Management, 16(1), 148-172. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-02-2022-0043

https://doi.org/10.1108/JSMA-02-2022-0043

Doreen Said Pace. (2021). PROBABILITY AND NON-PROBABILITY SAMPLING - AN ENTRY POINT FOR UNDERGRADUATE RESEARCHERS. 9(2), 1-15.

Dvorsky, J., Belas, J., Gavurova, B., & Brabenec, T. (2021). Business risk management in the context of small and medium-sized enterprises. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 34(1), 1690-1708. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1844588

https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1844588

Ebitu, E. T., Basil, G., & Ufot, J. A. (2016). An Appraisal of Nigeria's Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMES): Growth, Challenges and Prospects. International Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Research, 4(4), 1-15.

Edwards-Schachter, M. (2018). The nature and variety of innovation. International Journal of Innovation Studies, 2(2), 65-79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2018.08.004

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijis.2018.08.004

Erdiaw-Kwasie, M. O., Abunyewah, M., Yusif, S., & Arhin, P. (2023). Small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in a pandemic: A systematic review of pandemic risk impacts, coping strategies and resilience. Heliyon, 9(10), e20352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20352

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20352

Fan, Y., & Stevenson, M. (2018). A review of supply chain risk management: definition, theory, and research agenda. International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management, 48(3), 205-230. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2017-0043

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPDLM-01-2017-0043

Galbreath, J. (2023). Which resources matter ? A fine-grained test of the resource-based view of the firm Which resources matter the most to firm success ? An exploratory study of resource-based theory. May. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMBPP.2004.13863763

https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2004.13863763

Geels, F. W., & Schot, J. (2007). Typology of sociotechnical transition pathways. Research Policy, 36(3), 399-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2007.01.003

Goyal, P., Rahman, Z., & Kazmi, A. A. (2013). Corporate sustainability performance and firm performance research: Literature review and future research agenda. Management Decision, 51(2), 361-379. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741311301867

https://doi.org/10.1108/00251741311301867

Gualandris, J., & Kalchschmidt, M. (2015). Supply risk management and competitive advantage: A misfit model. International Journal of Logistics Management, 26(3), 459-478. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-05-2013-0062

https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLM-05-2013-0062

Habib, A., Ranasinghe, D., & Perera, A. (2023). Business strategy and strategic deviation in accounting, finance, and corporate governance: A review of the empirical literature. Journal of Accountiing and Finance, 64(1), 1-31. https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.13131

https://doi.org/10.1111/acfi.13131

Hagen, B., Zucchella, A., Larimo, J., & Dimitratos, P. (2017). A Taxonomy of Strategic Postures of International SMEs. European Management Review, 14(3), 265-285. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12109

https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12109

Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109(August 2019), 101-110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069

Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203

Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8

Hu, L. T., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118

Idris, A., & Norlida, A. M. (2016). Influence of Enterprise Risk Management Success Factors on Firm Financial and Non-Financial Performance : A Proposed Model. International Journal of Economics and Financial Issues, 6(3), 830-836. http://www.econjournals.com/index.php/ijefi/article/view/1993/pdf

Jackson, A. B. (2022). Financial statement analysis: a review and current issues. China Finance Review International, 12(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1108/CFRI-10-2021-0208

https://doi.org/10.1108/CFRI-10-2021-0208

Jarzabkowski, P., & Whittington, R. (2008). A Strategy-as-Practice Approach to Strategy Research and Education. Journal of Management Inquiry, 17(4), 282-286.

https://doi.org/10.1177/1056492608318150

Kaombe, B. (2021). Challenges and Opportunities of Building Resilient MSMEs in Zambia. International Journal of Current Science Research and Review, 04(10), 5-6. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/v4-i10-08

https://doi.org/10.47191/ijcsrr/V4-i10-08

Karunaratne Alawattegama, K. (2018). The Impact of Enterprise Risk Management on Firm Performance: Evidence from Sri Lankan Banking and Finance Industry. International Journal of Business and Management, 13(1), 3-4. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n1p225

https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v13n1p225

Kerin, R. A., Varadarajan, P. R., Peterson, R. A., Kerin, R. A., Varadarajan, P. R., & Peterson, R. A. (1992). Propositions First-Mover Advantage : A Synthesis , Conceptual. 56(4), 33-52.

https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299205600404

Kibisu, M. C., & Awino, Z. B. (2017). The Moderating Effect of Innovation on the Relationship between Enterprise Risk Management Strategies and Performance of Christian Hospitality Sectorin Kenya - An Empirical Overview. International Journal of Business and Management, 12(12), 212. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n12p212

https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v12n12p212

Kibor, J. (2024). Digital Capability and Performance of Micro , Small , and Medium-Scale Enterprises : A Review. 7(1), 83-87. https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.7.1.1810.IEEE

https://doi.org/10.37284/eajbe.7.1.1810

Kwaku Amoah, S. (2018). The Role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) to Employment in Ghana. International Journal of Business and Economics Research, 7(5), 151. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20180705.14

https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijber.20180705.14

Linton, G., & Kask, J. (2017). Configurations of entrepreneurial orientation and competitive strategy for high performance. Journal of Business Research, 70, 168-176. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.08.022

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.08.022

Lundgaard, S. S., & Rosenstand, C. A. F. (2019). Investigating Disruption: A Literature Review of Core Concepts of Disruptive Innovation Theory. In Aalborg University. https://vbn.aau.dk/da/publications/investigating-disruption-a-literature-review-of-core-concepts-of-

Luoma, M. A. (2015). Revisiting the strategy-performance linkage: An application of an empirically derived typology of strategy content areas. Management Decision, 53(5), 1083-1106. https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2014-0593

https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-10-2014-0593

Mahmod, M. S., Aziz, K., Yazid, A. S., Rasid, N., Salleh, F., Ghazali, P. L., & Mahmood, S. (2018). A Conceptual Framework of ERM Practices among SMEs IN Malaysia. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(11). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i11/5163

https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v8-i11/5163

Marin, L., Martín, P. J., & Rubio, A. (2017). Doing Good and Different! The Mediation Effect of Innovation and Investment on the Influence of CSR on Competitiveness. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 24(2), 159-171. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1412

https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.1412

Martínez Vergara, S. J. (2022). Exploring what disruptive innovation is and its influence on Spanish incumbents. TDX (Tesis Doctorals En Xarxa). https://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/671905%0Ahttp://www.tdx.cat/handle/10803/671905

Maury, B. (2022). Strategic CSR and firm performance: The role of prospector and growth strategies. Journal of Economics and Business, 118(September 2021), 106031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2021.106031

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jeconbus.2021.106031

Mohammed, A. A. (2018). How do teams become effective? A literature review and implication for Ethiopia. African Journal of Business Management, 12(16), 501-508. https://doi.org/10.5897/ajbm2016.8189

https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM2016.8189

Murphy, R. (2000). Return migration, entrepreneurship and local state corporatism in rural China: The experience of two counties in south Jiangxi. In Journal of Contemporary China (Vol. 9, Issue 24, pp. 231-247). https://doi.org/10.1080/713675936

https://doi.org/10.1080/713675936

Nasr, A. K., Alaei, S., Bakhshi, F., Rasoulyan, F., Tayaran, H., & Farahi, M. (2019). How enterprise risk management (ERM) can affect on short-term and long-term firm performance: Evidence from the Iranian banking system. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 7(2), 1387-1403. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.2(41)

https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2019.7.2(41)

Ngulube, P. (2015). Trends in Research Methodological Procedures. African Journal of Library, Archives & Information Science, 25(2), 125-143. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.2778.4162

Nicholson-Crotty, S., Nicholson-Crotty, J., & Fernandez, S. (2017). Performance and Management in the Public Sector: Testing a Model of Relative Risk Aversion. Public Administration Review, 77(4), 603-614. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12619

https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12619

Nobanee, H. (2022). Risk Management Procedures and Business Sustainability Practices. April.

Nobanee, H., Elsaied, F. A., Alhajjar, M., Abushairah, G., & Harbi, S. Al. (2023). Reputational Risk : A Bibliometric Review of Relevant Literature Reputational Risk : A Bibliometric Review of Relevant Literature. Emerging Scientific Journal, 7(2), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-025

https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2023-07-02-025

O'Connor, C., & Kelly, S. (2017). Facilitating knowledge management through filtered big data: SME competitiveness in an agri-food sector. Journal of Knowledge Management, 21(1), 156-179. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2016-0357

https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-08-2016-0357

Parnell, J. A. (2010). Strategic clarity, business strategy and performance John. Journal of Strategy and Management, 3(4), 304-324. https://doi.org/10.1108/17554251011092683

https://doi.org/10.1108/17554251011092683

Parsons, A. L., & Lepkowska-White, E. (2018). Social Media Marketing Management: A Conceptual Framework. Journal of Internet Commerce, 17(2), 81-95. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2018.1433910

https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2018.1433910

Peljhan, D., Sprčić, D. M., & Marc, M. (2018). Strategy and organizational performance: The role of risk management system development. Studies in Managerial and Financial Accounting, 33, 65-91. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-351220180000033004

https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-351220180000033004

Prášková, Z., & Sen, P. K. (2009). Asymptotics in Finite Population Sampling. Elsevier, 29(09), 489-522. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7161(09)00240-5 Ragazou, K., Passas, I., & Garefalakis, A. (2022). Investigating the Research Trends on Strategic Ambidexterity, Agility, and Open Innovation in SMEs: Perceptions from Bibliometric Analysis.

Reim, W., Åström, J., & Eriksson, O. (2020). Implementation of Artificial Intelligence (AI): A Roadmap for Business Model Innovation. AI (Switzerland), 1(2), 180-191. https://doi.org/10.3390/ai1020011

https://doi.org/10.3390/ai1020011

Schulze, A., Townsend, J. D., & Talay, M. B. (2022). Completing the market orientation matrix: The impact of proactive competitor orientation on innovation and firm performance. Industrial Marketing Management, 103(April 2021), 198-214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.03.013

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2022.03.013

Singh, S., & Paliwal, M. (2017). Unleashing The Growth Potential Of Indian MSME Sector. Comparative Economic Research, 20(2), 35-52. https://doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0011

https://doi.org/10.1515/cer-2017-0011

Soltanizadeh. (2016). Management Research Review For Authors. Management Research Review, 38(2). http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/MRR-08-2013-0185

https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-08-2013-0185

Soltanizadeh, S. (2015). Business strategy , enterprise risk management and organizational performance. Management Research Review, 39(9), 1016-1033. https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2015-0107

https://doi.org/10.1108/MRR-05-2015-0107

Stone, J., & Rahimifard, S. (2018). Resilience in agri-food supply chains: a critical analysis of the literature and synthesis of a novel framework. Supply Chain Management, 23(3), 207-238. https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-06-2017-0201

https://doi.org/10.1108/SCM-06-2017-0201

Syapsan. (2019). The effect of service quality, innovation towards competitive advantages and sustainable economic growth: Marketing mix strategy as mediating variable. Benchmarking, 26(4), 1336-1356. https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2017-0280

https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-10-2017-0280

Testorelli, R., Ferreira de Araújo Lima, P., & Verbano, C. (2022). Fostering project risk management in SMEs: an emergent framework from a literature review. Production Planning and Control, 33(13), 1304-1318. https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1859633

https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2020.1859633

Thompson, G., Mmieh, F., & Mordi, C. (2017). Factors influencing the growth of SMEs : The case of Ghana. Thunderbird International Business Review, 60(4), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21945

https://doi.org/10.1002/tie.21945

Wang, C., Brabenec, T., Gao, P., & Tang, Z. (2021). Mediating role of Enterprise Risk management practices between strategy and SME performance. Journal of Competitiveness, 13(1), 164-181. https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.01.10

https://doi.org/10.7441/joc.2021.01.10

Willie, M. M. (2024). Leveraging Digital Resources : A Resource-Based View Perspective. Human Resource Journal, 4(1), 1-14.

https://doi.org/10.52970/grhrm.v5i1.415

Downloads

Published

2025-04-27

How to Cite

Obed Kwabina Opoku Nkansah, Vanessa Gaffar, Dennis Mawuli Korkoryi Jnr, & Alfira Sofia. (2025). INTERACTIVITY OF STRATEGIC ORIENTATIONS AND ENTERPRISE RISK MANAGEMENT IN ADVANCING FINANCIAL PROSPERITY OF MSMEs IN GHANA. International Journal of Business and Society, 26(1), 173–192. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.9557.2025