Stabilization of Indian Fly Ashes with Soils, Cement, and Randomly Oriented Fibers
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.96.2012Abstract
Experimental studies were carried out on fly ashes from two Indian thermal power plants, namely Rajghat and Dadri, with the aim of improving the utilization of fly ash in geotechnical engineering applications. It was attempted to improve the engineering performance of fly ash by several means such as by mixing fly ash with soils, cement, and polyester fibers. The research program included the study of: a) physical properties, chemical composition and morphology of the fly ashes; b) compaction, strength, and permeability characteristics of the fly ashes and fly ash-soil mixtures; c) compaction and strength characteristics of fly ash-soil mixtures stabilized with fibers alone, with cement alone, and with both cement and fibers. Results showed that addition of fly ash to soils would result in lighter and stronger fills. Fiber inclusions increased the strength of fly ash-soil specimens significantly and altered their behaviour from brittle to ductile. Even small cement contents increased the strength of the fly ash-soil mixtures significantly. With higher cement contents of up to 18% it was possible to prepare fly ash-cement design mixes that satisfied the strength criteria for pavement base courses.
References
D. H. Gray, "Role of woody vegetation in reinforcing soils and stabilizing slopes," in Proc. Symp. on Soil Reinforcement and Stabilizing Techniques, Sydney, Australia, 1970, pp. 253-306.
C. B. Brown and M. S. Sheu, "Effect of deforestation on slopes," J Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol. 101, GT1, pp. 147-165, 1975.
https://doi.org/10.1061/AJGEB6.0000146
L. J. Waldron, "Shear resistance of root-permeated homogeneous and stratified soil", Soil Science Society of America J., vol. 41, pp. 843-849, 1977.
https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1977.03615995004100050005x
T. H. Wu and R. T. Erb, "Study of soil-root interaction," J Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol. 114, no. 12, pp. 1351-1375, 1988.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1988)114:12(1351)
T. H. Wu, P. E. Beal and C. Lan, "In-situ shear test of soil-root system," J Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol. 114, no. 12, pp. 1376-1394, 1988.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1988)114:12(1376)
A. McGown, K. Z. Andrawes and M. M. Al-Hasani, "Effect of inclusion properties on the behaviour of sand," Geotechnique, vol. 28, no. 3, pp. 327-346, 1978.
https://doi.org/10.1680/geot.1978.28.3.327
S. S. Rehsi, "Use of natural fibre concrete in India," in Natural Fibre Reinforced Cement and Concrete, (ed) R.N. Swamy, Blackie-Glassy, 1988.
R. M. Vasan, "Investigations on fibre reinforced concrete pavements," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India, 1989.
D. H. Gray and H. Ohashi, "Mechanics of fiber reinforcing in sand," J Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 335-353, 1983.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1983)109:3(335)
S. E. Shewbridge and N. Sitar, "Deformation characteristics of reinforced soil in direct shear," J Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol. 115, no. 8, pp. 1134-1147, 1989.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1989)115:8(1134)
G. E. Bauer and M. N. Fatani, "Strength characteristics of sand reinforced with rigid and flexible elements," in Proc. 9th Asian Regional. Conf. on Soil Mech. Found. Eng., Bangkok, vol. 1, pp. 471-474, 1991.
D. J. Hoare, "Laboratory study of granular soils reinforced with randomly oriented discrete fibers," in Proc. Int. Conf. on Soil Reinforcement, Paris, France, vol. 1, pp. 47-52, 1979.
M. H. Maher, "Static and dynamic response of sands reinforced with discrete randomly distributed fibers," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, U.S.A., 1988.
D. H. Gray and M. H. Maher, "Admixture stabilization of sand with discrete randomly distributed fibers," in Proc. XII Int. Conf. on Soil Mech. Found. Eng., Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, pp. 1363-1366, 1989.
M. H. Maher and D. H. Gray, "Static response of sands reinforced with randomly distributed fibers," J Geotech. Eng. Div., ASCE, vol. 116, no. 11, pp. 1661-1677, 1990.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9410(1990)116:11(1661)
H. D. Charan, "Probabilistic analysis of randomly distributed fibre reinforced soil," Ph.D. Thesis, University of Roorkee, Roorkee, India, 1995.
D. K. Chakraborty and S. P. Dasgupta, "Randomly reinforced fly ash foundation material," in Indian Geotechnical Conference, Madras, vol. 1, pp. 231-235, 1996
S. R. Kaniraj and V. G. Havanagi, "Geotechnical characteristics of fly ash-soil mixtures," Geotechnical Eng. J., vol. 30, no. 2, pp. 129-147, Aug. 1999.
S. R. Kaniraj and V. G. Havanagi, "Compressive strength of cement stabilized fly ash-soil mixtures,' Concrete and Cement Research, vol. 29, pp. 673-677, 1999.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00018-6
S. R. Kaniraj and V. G. Havanagi, "Correlation analysis of laboratory compaction of fly ashes," Practice Periodical of Hazardous, Toxic, and Radioactive Waste Management, vo. 5, no. 1, Jan. 2001.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-025X(2001)5:1(25)
S. R. Kaniraj and V. Gayathri, "Geotechnical behavior of fiber reinforced fly ash," in Landmarks in Earth Reinforcement, Ochiai et al, Ed. 2001, pp. 61-65.
S. R. Kaniraj and V. G. Havanagi, "Behavior of cement-stabilized fiber-reinforced fly ash-soil mixtures,' J. Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Eng., vo. 127, no. 7, pp. 574-584, July 2001.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:7(574)
S. R. Kaniraj and V. Gayathri, "Geotechnical behavior of fly ash mixed with randomly oriented fiber inclusions," Geotextiles and Geomembranes, vol. 21, pp. 123-149, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0266-1144(03)00005-0
S. R. Kaniraj and V. Gayathri, "Factors influencing the strength of cement fly ash base courses," J. Transp. Eng., vol. 129, no. 5, pp. 538-548, 2003.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(2003)129:5(538)
S. R. Kaniraj and V. Gayathri, "Permeability and consolidation characteristics of compacted fly ash," J. Energy Eng., vol. 130, no. 1, pp. 18-43, April 2004.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9402(2004)130:1(18)
S. R. Kaniraj and V. Gayathri, "Behavior of fiber-reinforced cement-stabilized fly ashes," J. Testing and Evaluation, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 290-297, July 2006.
https://doi.org/10.1520/JTE12692
ASTM Standard C 618, "Specification for fly ash and raw or calcined natural pozzolana for use as a mineral admixture in Portland cement concrete," in Annual Book of ASTM Standards, sec. 4, vol. 4.02, pp. 310-312, 1993.
P. E. Glogowski, J. M. Kelly, R. J. McLaren, and D. L. Burns, "Fly ash design manual for road and site application," Final rep. prepared for Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, Calif., 1992.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Upon acceptance of an article, the corresponding author on behalf of all authors will be asked to complete and upload the Copyright Transfer Form (refer to Copyright Issues for more information on this) alongside the electronic proof file.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer the publication in the Journal.
2) For open-access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds the copyright or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subjected to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) are responsible to ensure their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare that the researches which they have conducted comply with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
