EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF RED ASH AND MARBLE CHIPS AS ALTERNATIVES IN BASE COURSE MATERIAL VIA BLENDING WITH CRUSHED STONE AGGREGATE
Abstract
Despite its abundance, red ash has compaction issues owing to its lightweight, rough circular surface, and high porosity. The usage of conventional base course materials across the country incurs shipping expenses and takes time, slowing down projects because they are only widely available in limited areas across the country. In this study, non-probably sampling approach was used to examine the potential for employing red ash and marble chips as an alternative base course material by mixing them with crushed stone aggregate (CSA). In order to accomplish the goal of this study, an experimental test was conducted via trial and error, focusing on the mechanical stabilization of red ash and marble chips. Their physical characteristics were subsequently assessed through laboratory testing. In the laboratory, nine (9) samples of red ash and marble chips blended with CSA in varying percentages (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 percent) were examined. The laboratory test results showed that 100% red ash and marble chips gave; CBR, SG, AIV, ACV, LAA, FI, EI, water absorption, and soundness: 55.4%, 2.38%, 18.20%, 26.34%, 19.69%, 5.59%, 12.09%, 2.5% and 13.80 and 83.6%, 2.63%, 19.70%, 26.41%, 19.75%, 23.2%, 16.9%, 1.24% and 12.22 respectively. Several of these test results align with the Ethiopian Road Authority (ERA) standard specifications; however, the findings from the CBR, water absorption, and soundness tests do not. Thus, mechanical stabilization was employed to improve the samples' physical characteristics. Experimental results are obtained by mixing 20% red ash, 20% marble chips, and 60% CSA. The values for CBR, SG, AIV, ACV, LAA, FI, EI, water absorption, and soundness are 102.5%, 2.55, 14.23%, 19.84%, 7.92%, 18.61%, 20.77%, 0.83%, and 7.38, respectively. The CBR, water absorption, and soundness characteristics all meet the necessary ERA standard specifications for crushed weathered rock (GB2) and natural coarsely graded granular materials (GB3) at this particular proportion. Hence, it is recommended to incorporate red ash up to 20% and marble chips up to 20% by weight, alongside 60% CSA, for constructing road base courses, particularly when these materials are reasonably accessible from construction sites and are widely available in the area.
References
Tuncan, M., Tuncan, A., & Cetin, A. (2003). The use of waste materials in asphalt concrete mixtures. Waste Management & Research, 21(2), 83–92. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X0302100202
Akbulut, H., & Gürer, C. (2007). Use of aggregates produced from marble quarry waste in asphalt pavements. Building and Environment, 42(5), 1921–1930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2006.03.012
Paranavithana, S., & Mohajerani, A. (2006). Effects of recycled concrete aggregates on properties of asphalt concrete. Resources, Conservation and Recycling, 48(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2005.12.009
Gonfa, L. G., Tucay Quezon, E. T. Q., & Geremew, A. (2020). Experimental Study on Application of Marble Waste As Conventional Aggregate for Base Course Materials. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology, 11(2), 144–163. https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.2620.2020
Mohammed, M., Geremew, A., Mohammed, M., & Jemal, A. (2022). A study on the applicability of scoria gravel an alternative base course material through blending with marble waste aggregate. Heliyon, 8(11), 11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11742
Tatyrek, V., & Mestanova, D. (2021). Use of recycled materials in road construction. Business & IT, XI(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.14311/bit.2021.01.06
de Rezende, L. R., Marques, M. O., & da Cunha, N. L. (2015). The use of non-conventional materials in asphalt pavements base. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 16(4), 799–814. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2015.1055334
Pasetto, M., & Baldo, N. (2012). Laboratory investigation on foamed bitumen bound mixtures made with steel slag, foundry sand, bottom ash and reclaimed asphalt pavement. Road Materials and Pavement Design, 13(4), 691–712. https://doi.org/10.1080/14680629.2012.742629
Worku, I. (2010). Road Sector Development and Economic Growth in Ethiopia. Ethiopian Journal of Economics, 19(2), 101–146.
A. Paulmakesh, G. M. M. (2021). Red ash Base Course Materials with Crushed Stone Aggregates. Irjet, 8(1). Retrieved from https://www.irjet.net/archives/V8/i1/IRJET-V8I1201.pdf
Papagiannakis, A. T., & Masad, E. A. (2012). Pavement Design and Materials. Pavement Design and Materials. Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470259924
Berhanu, G. (2009). Stabilizing Cinder Gravels for Heavily Trafficked Base Course. Zede Journal, 26, 23–29.
Hearn, G. J., Otto, A., Greening, P. A. K., Endale, A. A., & Etefa, D. M. (2019). Engineering geology of cinder gravel in Ethiopia: prospecting, testing and application to low-volume roads. Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, 78(5), 3095–3110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10064-018-1333-3
Degu, D., Fayissa, B., Geremew, A., & Chala, G. (2022). Investigating Causes of Flexible Pavement Failure: a Case Study of the Bako to Nekemte Road, Oromia, Ethiopia. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology, 13(2), 112–135. https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.4332.2022
Geremew, A., Quezon, T., & Kebede, G. (2016). Influence of Subsurface Courses Materials on Pavement Performance: A Case Study in Yebu-Agaro Road. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research, 7(10), 1252–1260. Retrieved from http://www.ijser.org
Seyfe, M., & Geremew, A. (2019). Potential Use of Cinder Gravel As an Alternative Base Course Material Through Blending With Crushed Stone Aggregate and Cement Treatment. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology, 10(2), 101–112. https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1465.2019
Copyright (c) 2024 UNIMAS Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Upon acceptance of an article, the corresponding author on behalf of all authors will be asked to complete and upload the Copyright Transfer Form (refer to Copyright Issues for more information on this) alongside the electronic proof file.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer the publication in the Journal.
2) For open-access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds the copyright or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subjected to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) are responsible to ensure their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare that the researches which they have conducted comply with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
