MATLAB PROGRAM FOR RATING SOILS BASED ON ENGINEERING BEHAVIOURS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.5078.2023Keywords:
MATLAB program, soil rating, engineering behaviourAbstract
Engineering behaviour of soils is an important attribute to be considered as the foundation or even construction materials for civil engineering structures. One critical issue encountered by geotechnical engineers in construction works is predicting the engineering behaviour of soil with a view to assessing its suitability for any given construction purpose. Rating of soils based on their engineering behaviours can be achieved by classifying the soil into different groups and sub-groups of similar characteristics. Soil classification systems usually involve the use of charts, tables and curves, which is no longer fashionable because it might be very rigorous when many soils are involved. The use of software techniques simplifies the whole process. This study developed an algorithm in the form of a MATLAB program for easy classification of soil based on the Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), American Association of State Highway and Transport Officials (AASHTO), Plasticity Chart and the Indian Soil Classification Systems (ISCS), which makes the program unique. Soil samples used for illustration were collected and characterised depending on particle size analysis as well as consistency indices. A comparative study was carried out between classifying the soil using a manual approach and the MATLAB program. The MATLAB program rated Soil Sample A to be fine-grained, which belongs to soil groups A-7-6(15), CL (inorganic clay that has medium plasticity) and MI or OI (inorganic silt of medium plasticity or organic silt of medium plasticity) while Soil Sample B was rated to be coarse-grained belonging to A-1-b (0), SM (Silty Sand) and SM (Silty Sand) in the AASHTO, USCS and ISCS classification systems respectively. The results of the classification systems from the MATLAB program were completely in conformity with the results obtained from the manual approach. Thus, the MATLAB program gave a very high degree of accuracy of almost 100%.
References
Amadi, A. A., & Eberemu, A. O. (2013). Potential Application of Lateritic Soil Stabilized with Cement Kiln Dust (CKD) as Liner in Waste Containment Structures. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 31(4), 1221–1230. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-013-9645-3
Okonkwo, U. N., & Agunwamba, J. C. (2014). Characterization of Bagasse Ash and Lateritic Soil for Low-Cost Roads Construction in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Soil and Environmental Research, Ahmadu Bello University Zaria, 12.
Okonkwo, U. N., Arinze, E. E., & Ugwu, E. I. (2018). Lateritic Soil Treated with Polyvinyl Waste Powder As a Potential Material for Liners and Cover in Waste Containment. The Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management, 44(2), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.5276/JSWTM.2018.173
Osinubi, K. J., Eberemu, A. O., Ijimdiya, T. S., Sani, J. E., & Yakubu, S. E. (2018). Volumetric Shrinkage of Compacted Lateritic Soil Treated with Bacillus pumilus. In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Geoenvironment and Geohazard (pp. 315–324). Singapore: Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0128-5_36
Oluremi, J. R., Yohanna, P., Ishola, K., Yisa, G. L., Eberemu, A. O., Ijimdiya, S. T., & Osinubi, K. J. (2019). Plasticity of Nigerian lateritic soil admixed with selected admixtures. Environmental Geotechnics, 6(3), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.15.00085
Okonkwo, U. N. (2017). Briefing: Lateritic soil and calcined kaolin for earth embankments. Environmental Geotechnics, 4(6), 384–389. https://doi.org/10.1680/jenge.16.00011
Okonkwo, U. N. (2022). Critical state of compacted lateritic soil and palm kernel shell ash for earth embankments. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement, 175(2), 97–103. https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.19.00005
Onakunle, O., Omole, D. O., & Ogbiye, A. S. (2019). Stabilization of lateritic soil from Agbara Nigeria with ceramic waste dust. Cogent Engineering, 6(1), 1710087. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2019.1710087
Oluremi, J. R., Ijimdiya, S. T., Eberemu, A. O., & Osinubi, K. J. (2019). Reliability Evaluation of Hydraulic Conductivity Characteristics of Waste Wood Ash Treated Lateritic Soil. Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, 37(2), 533–547. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10706-018-0625-5
Etim, R. K., Attah, I. C., Eberemu, A. O., & Yohanna, P. (2019). Compaction behaviour of periwinkle shell ash treated lateritic soil for use as road sub-base construction material. Journal of GeoEngineering, 14(3), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.6310/jog.201909_14(3).6
Etim, R. K., Attah, I. C., & Yohanna, P. (2020). Experimental study on potential of oyster shell ash in structural strength improvement of lateritic soil for road construction. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 13(4), 341–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-020-0290-y
Okonkwo, U. N., Ekeoma, E. C., & Ndem, H. E. (2023). Exponential Logarithmic Models for Strength Properties of Lateritic Soil Treated with Cement and Rice Husk Ash as Pavement of Low-Cost Roads. International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology, 16(2), 333–342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42947-021-00134-x
Osinubi, K. J. (1998). Permeability of Lime-Treated Lateritic Soil. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 124(5), 465–469. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-947X(1998)124:5(465)
Gidigasu, M. D. (1976). Laterite soil engineering. Development in geotechnical engineering. Elsevier Scientific Publishing Company.
Arora, K. R. (2008). Soil mechanics and foundation engineering (geotechnical engineering). Standard Publishers Distributors, Nai Sarak, Delhi, 953p.
Okonkwo, U. N., & Uwanuakwa, I. D. (2021). Deep Learning Classification of Tropical Soils. Proceeding of the Sustainable Engineering and Industrial Technology Conference, University of Nigeria Nsukka, G7, 1-5
Hoffmann, H. (2014). Matlab Program for Soil Classification (USDA) according to texture.
Emmanuel, A., & Chukwuma, O. (2015). A Matlab program for Soil Classification Using AASHTO Classification. IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, 12(2), 58–62. https://doi.org/10.9790/1684-12255862
Kumar, R., Dutta, R. K., & Dutta, K. (2015). Mobile App using ASTM System of Soil Classification. CPUH-Research Journal, 1(2), 19–22.
AASHTO. (2014). Standard Specifications for Transportation Materials and Methods of Sampling and Testing and 2014 AASHTO Provisional Standards. American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO).
ASTM international. (2017). ASTM D2487-17e1 Standard Practice for Classification of Soils for Engineering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) https://doi.org/10.1520/D2487-17E01
Budhu, M. (2010). Soil mechanics and foundations. John Wiley & Sons.
Bowles, J. E. (1979). Physical and geotechnical properties of soils.
British Standard. (1990). BS 1377. Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes. British Standards Institution. London. UK.
ASTM. (2012). D4318-10.“ Standard Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils.” Annual book of ASTM standards, ASTM international, Philadelphia.
ASTM. (2009). D6913–04 (2009) e1. Standard test methods for particle-size distribution (gradation) of soils using sieve analysis.
Palm, W. J. (2008). A concise introduction to MATLAB.
Indian Standard. (1970). IS : 1498 - 1970. Classification and identification of soils for general engineering purposes. Methods of Test for Soils. Bureau of Indian Standards New Delhi.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Upon acceptance of an article, the corresponding author on behalf of all authors will be asked to complete and upload the Copyright Transfer Form (refer to Copyright Issues for more information on this) alongside the electronic proof file.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer the publication in the Journal.
2) For open-access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds the copyright or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subjected to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) are responsible to ensure their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare that the researches which they have conducted comply with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
