POTENTIAL USE OF 'ENSET' FIBER ASH AS PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CONVENTIONAL FILLER MATERIAL IN HOT MIX ASPHALT
Abstract
The main problems in road construction and maintance work in Ethiopia availability of a large amount of appropriate quality materials in road construction sites, aggregates in different size fractions are not readily obtainable, necessitating their procurement from long distances, thereby causing an exorbitant increase in construction costs. One of the main problems in constructing the asphalt paving mixture is obtaining a sufficient amount of filler material from crushing fine rock material and low percent using ordinary Portland cement (OPC), hydrated lime (HL) and marble dust. To overcome this problem, it is important to come across alternative filler material to address this gap using naturally available material. Currently, renewed attention has been given to the use of ‘waste’ materials instead of conventional aggregates in pavement construction. This research study investigates the potential use of ‘Enset’ fiber ash as a partial replacement of conventional filler material in hot mix asphalt supported by experimental laboratory investigation. In order to achieve this study, purposive sampling techniques were adopted to select the sample size and location. The study evaluated the potential of ‘Enset’ fiber ash as filler for the design of dense-graded hot mix asphalt by referencing traditional filler control mix procedures based on standard specifications, and a crush rock filler was utilized as a conventional filler material as a control for comparison. The Marshal Stability and Rutting Test (RT) was conducted to determine the HMA specimen's performance. Several HMA specimens were prepared using aggregate blend according to ASTM D 1559 with four different percentages of ‘Enset’ fiber ash (EFA) of 15%, 25%, 35% and 45% filler replacement the total filler weight used in the control mix. Specimens were prepared and tests performed according to EN 12697-22 procedure-B for rutting test. All HMA properties were taken at 4% air void and determined their optimum bitumen content (OBC). Almost the same result with the control mix was observed in the study at 15% and 25% of the ‘Enset’ fiber ash (EFA) replacement. However, higher Marshall Stability, a lower void filled with asphalt, better flow, a good void in mineral were observed at 25% ‘Enset’ fiber ash (EFA) replacement. At this rate, the rutting performance is less than that of the control mix but is within the specifications of 2.78mm and 2.9 mm of rutting depth less than 6mm that satisfies the EN 13108 requirement. As a result, Enset fiber ash filler can replace traditional filler material up to 25% of the total filler weight used in this study. It was recommended to use ‘Enset' fiber ash (EFA) as a filler material as a partial replacement in a bituminous paving mixture up to the specificed percentage by weight replacement.
References
Geremew, A., Quezon, E. T. and Kebede, G. (2016). Influence Of Subsurface Courses Materials On Pavement Performance: A Case Study in Yebu-Agaro Road. 7(10), 1252-1260.
Mesfun, R. T., Quezon, E. T.and Geremew, A. (2019). Experimental Study Of Stabilized Expansive Soil Using Pumice Mixed With Lime For Subgrade Road Construction. Int. J. Res. Granthaalayah, 7(7), 118-124.
https://doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i7.2019.736
Geremew, A. and Fayissa, B. (2018). Experimental Performance Studies on the Improved Expansive Subgrade Soil Formation by Using Mechanical Stabilization with Natural Gravel Around Jimma Quarry Sites. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 6(5), 154-161.
https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajce.20180605.13
Gonfa, L. G., Tucay Quezon, E. T. Q. and Geremew, A. (2020). Experimental Study On Application Of Marble Waste As Conventional Aggregate For Base Course Materials. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology, 11(2), 144-163.
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.2620.2020
Seyfe M. and Geremew, A. (2019). Potential Use Of Cinder Gravel As An Alternative Base Course Material Through Blending With Crushed Stone Aggregate And Cement Treatment. Journal of Civil Engineering, Science and Technology, 10(2), 101-112.
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.1465.2019
Jemal, A., Agon, E. C. and Geremew, A. (2019). Utilization Of Crushed Stone Dust As A Stabilizer For Sub Grade Soil: A Case Study In Jimma Town. International Journal of Engineering, XVII(4), 55-64.
Brasileiro, L., Moreno-Navarro, F., Tauste-Martínez, R., Matos, J. and Rubio-Gámez, M. (2019). Reclaimed Polymers as Asphalt Binder Modifiers for More Sustainable Roads: A Review. Sustainability, 11(3), 646.
https://doi.org/10.3390/su11030646
Dash S. B. and Panda, M. (2016). A Study on Use of Natural Fiber for Improvement in Engineering Properties of Dense Graded Bituminous Mixes with Coal Ash. Transp. in Dev. Econ., 2(1), 4.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40890-015-0008-z
Boyle, A. and O'Flaherty, C. A. (2002). Highways: the location, design, construction and maintenance of road pavements, 4th ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. [10] Berhanu, H., Neiva, D., Gominho, J., Kiflie, Z., Feleke, S., Yimam, A. and Pereira, H. (2021). Bio-Refinery Potential of Enset/Ensete ventricosum/Fiber Bundle Using Non-catalyzed and Alkali Catalyzed Hydrothermal Pretreatment. Waste and Biomass Valorization, 12, 663-672.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-020-01015-3
Tsegaye A. and Struik P. C. (2001). Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) kocho yield under different crop establishment methods as compared to yields of other carbohydrate-rich food crops. NJAS: Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 49(1), 81-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1573-5214(01)80017-8
Gezie, M. (2019). Farmer's response to climate change and variability in Ethiopia: A review. Cogent Food & Agriculture, 5(1), 1-13.
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311932.2019.1613770
Belay, S., Quezon, E. T. and Geremew, A. (2021). Effect of Selected Conventional and Non-conventional Mineral Fillers with 'Enset' Fibers on Compaction Characteristics of Stone Mastic Asphalt Pavement (SMAP). Jordan Journal of Civil Engineering, 15(1), 30-40.
Muniandy, R., Aburkaba, E. and Taha, R. (2013). Effect of Mineral Filler Type and Particle Size on the Engineering Properties of Stone Mastic Asphalt Pavements. Jou. Eng. Res., 10(2), 13-32.
https://doi.org/10.24200/tjer.vol10iss2pp13-32
Yohannes, B., Quezon, E. T. and Tsegaye, M. (2020). Evaluation on the Potential Use of Pulverized Natural Subbase Dust as Alternative Filler Material for Hot Mix Asphalt Design, Jimma Town. American Journal of Civil Engineering and Architecture, 8(2), 62-77. https://doi.org/10.12691/ajcea-8-2-6.
Wagaw, F., Quezon, E. T. and Geremew, A. (2018). Evaluation of the Performance of Brick Dust as a Filler Material for Hot Asphalt Mix Design: A Case Study in Jimma Zone. The International Journal of Engineering and Science (IJES), 7(3), 64-72. https://doi.org/10.9790/1813-0703026472
Institute, A. (2014). Ms-2 asphalt mix design methods, 7th edition. Lexington, KY: Asphalt Institute.
Upon acceptance of an article, the corresponding author on behalf of all authors will be asked to complete and upload the Copyright Transfer Form (refer to Copyright Issues for more information on this) alongside the electronic proof file.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer the publication in the Journal.
2) For open-access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds the copyright or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subjected to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) are responsible to ensure their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare that the researches which they have conducted comply with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
