ASSESSMENT OF LABOUR PRODUCTIVITY IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS OF PAKISTAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.3340.2021Keywords:
Labour Productivity, Critical factors, Road, Construction Industry, PakistanAbstract
Road construction in Pakistan is booming because of China’s One Belt One Road program. Pakistan is in a developing stage and facing a lot of challenges in construction projects, primarily in labour productivity. This research focuses on the factors affecting labour productivity in road construction projects of Pakistan. A questionnaire was developed to observe the impact of critical factors on labour productivity. Based on the gathered responses, the factors were ranked using the Relative Importance Index (RII). The analysis shows that out of thirty (30) factors, the most important five (5) factors that affect labour productivity on road construction are unskilled workforce, payment delays to labour, tools and equipment shortages, poor communication of supervisor with labours and financial difficulties of owner/contractor. By focusing on these critical issues’ betterment can be made in labour productivity which will directly enhance the projects’ performance.
References
M. A. Musarat and M. Z. Ahad, "Factors affecting the success of construction projects in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan," Journal of Construction Engineering and Project Management, vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 1-6, 2016
https://doi.org/10.6106/JCEPM.2016.12.4.001
W. S. Alaloul, M. S. Liew, N. A. W. Zawawi, B. S. Mohammed, M. Adamu, and M. A. Musharat, "Structural equation modelling of construction project performance based on coordination factors," Cogent engineering, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1726069, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1080/23311916.2020.1726069
W. S. Alaloul, M. A. Musarat, M. S. Liew, and N. A. W. A. Zawawi, "Influential safety performance and assessment in construction projects: a review," 2019 2020: Springer, pp. 719-728
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_50
W. S. Alaloul, M. S. Liew, and N. A. W. A. Zawawi, "Identification of coordination factors affecting building projects performance," Alexandria Engineering Journal, vol. 55, no. 3, pp. 2689-2698, 2016
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aej.2016.06.010
B. A. Tayeh, K. Al Hallaq, W. S. Alaloul, and A. R. Kuhail, "Factors affecting the success of construction projects in Gaza Strip," The Open Civil Engineering Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, 2018
https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501812010301
B. A. Tayeh, K. Al Hallaq, A. H. Al Faqawi, W. S. Alaloul, and S. Y. Kim, "Success factors and barriers of last planner system implementation in the gaza strip construction industry," The Open Construction & Building Technology Journal, vol. 12, no. 1, 2018
https://doi.org/10.2174/1874836801812010389
W. S. Alaloul, M. A. Musarat, M. S. Liew, and N. A. W. A. Zawawi, "Influential Safety Performance and Assessment in Construction Projects: A Review," 2019 2019: Springer, pp. 719-728.
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_50
A. Kazaz and T. Acıkara, "Comparison of labor productivity perspectives of project managers and craft workers in Turkish construction industry," Procedia Computer Science, vol. 64, pp. 491-496, 2015
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.08.548
M. A. Musarat, W. S. Alaloul, and M. S. Liew, "Impact of inflation rate on construction projects budget: A review," Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2020.04.009
M. A. Musarat, W. S. Alaloul, M. S. Liew, A. Maqsoom, and A. H. Qureshi, "Investigating the impact of inflation on building materials prices in construction industry," Journal of Building Engineering, vol. 32, p. 101485, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2020.101485
W. S. Alaloul, M. S. Liew, N. A. W. A. Zawawi, and B. S. Mohammed, "Industry revolution IR 4.0: future opportunities and challenges in construction industry," 2018 2018, vol. 203: EDP Sciences, p. 02010
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820302010
W. S. Alaloul, M. S. Liew, N. A. W. A. Zawawi, and I. B. Kennedy, "Industrial Revolution 4.0 in the construction industry: Challenges and opportunities for stakeholders," Ain shams engineering journal, vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 225-230, 2020
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asej.2019.08.010
N. Ghodrati, T. W. Yiu, and S. Wilkinson, "Unintended consequences of management strategies for improving labor productivity in construction industry," Journal of safety research, vol. 67, pp. 107-116, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2018.09.001
L. Florez and J. C. Cortissoz, "Defining a mathematical function for labor productivity in masonry construction: A case study," Procedia Engineering, vol. 164, pp. 42-48, 2016
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2016.11.590
C. Hendrickson, C. T. Hendrickson, and T. Au, Project management for construction: Fundamental concepts for owners, engineers, architects, and builders. Chris Hendrickson, 1989.
J. G. Lowe, "The measurement of productivity in the construction industry," Construction management and economics, vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 101-113, 1987.
https://doi.org/10.1080/01446198700000010
M. Gillen and J. L. Gittleman, "Path forward: emerging issues and challenges," Journal of safety research, vol. 41, no. 3, pp. 301-306, 2010
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2010.04.005
R. Rustum, "Modelling The factors Affecting Quality of Building Construction Projects During The construction Phase in Gaza Strip," 2002
A. M. Jarkas, "Critical investigation into the applicability of the learning curve theory to rebar fixing labor productivity," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 136, no. 12, pp. 1279-1288, 2010
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000236
F.-S. Liou and J. D. Borcherding, "Work sampling can predict unit rate productivity," Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, vol. 112, no. 1, pp. 90-103, 1986
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1986)112:1(90)
K. M. Harmon and B. Cole, "Loss of productivity studies-Current uses and misuses," Constr. Briefings, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 1-19, 2006.
A. A. Atkinson, J. H. Waterhouse, and R. B. Wells, "A stakeholder approach to strategic performance measurement," MIT Sloan Management Review, vol. 38, no. 3, p. 25, 1997.
H. E. Picard, "Direct labor productivity measurement: As applied in construction and major maintenance projects," AACE International Recommended Proactive, no. 22R-01, 2004
A. Hassanein and J. Melin, "Crew design methodology for construction contractors," Journal of construction engineering and management, vol. 123, no. 3, pp. 203-207, 1997
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1997)123:3(203)
J. Motwani, A. Kumar, and M. Novakoski, "Measuring construction productivity: a practical approach," Work study, 1995
https://doi.org/10.1108/00438029510103310
S. Durdyev and J. Mbachu, "Key constraints to labour productivity in residential building projects: Evidence from Cambodia," International Journal of Construction Management, vol. 18, no. 5, pp. 385-393, 2018
https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2017.1326301
M. R. A. Kadir, W. P. Lee, M. S. Jaafar, S. M. Sapuan, and A. A. A. Ali, "Factors affecting construction labour productivity for Malaysian residential projects," Structural survey, 2005
M. L. Yahaya, M. Sani, and A. S. Shehu, "Evaluating Internal Factors Affecting Labour Productivity in Medium-Sized Construction Firms in Nigeria: PLS-SEM Approach."
S. S. Wong and L. K. Lau, "Advantages and setbacks of industrialized building system (IBS) implementation: a case study in Sarawak," International Journal of Sustainable Construction Engineering and Technology, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 52-61, 2015
I. Perkins and M. Skitmore, "Three-dimensional printing in the construction industry: A review," International Journal of Construction Management, vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2015
https://doi.org/10.1080/15623599.2015.1012136
A. B. Muzamil and B. Khurshid, "Analysis of labour productivity of road construction in Pakistan," International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology (IJEAT), vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 153-159, 2014.
M. Altaf, M. A. Musarat, A. Khan, Z. Shoukat, and U. Salahuddin, "Change order impact on construction industry of Pakistan," 2019 2020: Springer, pp. 391-402
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-32816-0_25
M. A. Musarrat, O. Inderyas, S. Khan, and A. A. Shah, "Causes of delay in the execution phase of construction projects in Khyber Pukhtoonkhwa Pakistan," Sarhad University International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 62-70, 2017.
A. Z. Durrani and A. H. Mir, "Pakistan Infrastructure Implementation Capacity Assessment," World Bank, Pakistan, 2007.
A. R. Nasir, H. F. Gabriel, and R. M. Choudhry, "Cost and time overruns in highway projects of Pakistan," 2011, pp. 69-76.
T. Sarmad and M. A. Choudhary, "Implementation Challenges and Handling Project Management Complexities in China-Pakistan Economic Corridor," 2019 2019: IEEE, pp. 1-10
https://doi.org/10.23919/PICMET.2019.8893801
F. M. Mirza, N. Fatima, and K. Ullah, "Impact of China-Pakistan economic corridor on Pakistan's future energy consumption and energy saving potential: Evidence from sectoral time series analysis," Energy Strategy Reviews, vol. 25, pp. 34-46, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.esr.2019.04.015
S. H. Basit, "Terrorizing the CPEC: managing transnational militancy in China-Pakistan relations," The Pacific Review, vol. 32, no. 4, pp. 694-724, 2019
https://doi.org/10.1080/09512748.2018.1516694
I. A. Rahman, A. H. Memon, A. Q. Memon, M. A. Shaikh, and F. Siddiqui, "Factors affecting the labour productivity in construction projects of Pakistan," 2019, vol. 266: EDP Sciences, p. 05010.
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201926605010
A. Rahman. "Pakistan's Labor Productivity Stands Lowest in The Region." https://propakistani.pk/2019/03/26/pakistans-labor-productivity-stands-lowest-in-theregion/#:~:text=Pakistan's%20labor%20productivity%20showed%20a,Bank%20of%20Pakistan%20(SBP) (accessed.
C. Data. "Pakistan Labour Productivity Growth." https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/pakistan/labour-productivitygrowth#:~:text=Pakistan's%20Labour%20Productivity%20dropped%20by,4.79%20%25%20in%20the%20previous%20year.&text=The%20data%20reached%20an%20all,Real%20GDP%20and%20annual%20Employment. (accessed.
I. Mahamid, "Study of relationship between rework and labor productivity in Building Construction Projects," Revista de la construcción, vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 30-40, 2020
https://doi.org/10.7764/rdlc.19.1.30-41
A. Enshassi, S. Mohamed, Z. A. Mustafa, and P. E. Mayer, "Factors affecting labour productivity in building projects in the Gaza Strip," Journal of civil engineering and management, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 245-254, 2007
https://doi.org/10.3846/13923730.2007.9636444
A. A. Attar, A. K. Gupta, and D. B. Desai, "A study of various factors affecting labour productivity and methods to improve it," IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering (IOSR-JMCE), vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 11-14, 2012.
M. Loosemore, "Improving construction productivity: a subcontractor's perspective," Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management, 2014
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
During the manuscript submission process, the corresponding author, on behalf of all authors, will be asked to agree to the terms of the Open Access Publishing Agreement by checking the designated agreement box (see Copyright & Licensing for more information).
Open Access Publishing Agreement
1) By agreeing to these terms, the author(s) retain full copyright and grant UNIMAS Publisher the right of first publication. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract, or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer to the publication in the Journal.
2) The author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) The author(s) are responsible for ensuring their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or proprietary right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
4) By agreeing to this statement, the author(s) declare that the research which they have conducted complies with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by the Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
5) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g., patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.