Effect of Glycidyl Methacrylate on Water Absorption Properties of Sago Hampas Biocomposite
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.149.2015Abstract
This study examines the water absorption of sago hampas biocomposite utilizing glycidyl methacrylate as its matrix. Composites were fabricated with 25, 30, 40 wt% sago hampas content and another sample of pure sago hampas using hydraulics hot press machine. The water absorption properties of composites with different sago hampas composition were investigated according to Standard Test Method for Tensile Properties of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials of ASTM D570. Water absorption of pure sago hampas composite have the highest average water absorption percentage with 59.1 wt% as compared to the lowest average water absorption percentage recorded for 30 wt% sago hampas content biocomposite with 16.8%. However sago hampas loading was increased resulting in the increased in average water absorption on biocomposite for 40 wt% sago hampas content which is 33.1%.
References
Norashikin, M. Z. & Ibrahim, M. Z. (2009). The potential of natural waste (corn husk) for production of environment friendly biodegradable film for seedling. World academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 3: 10-26.
Kumaran, S., Sastry, C.A., & Vikineswary, S. (1997). Laccase, cellulase and xylanase activities during growth of Pleurotus sajor-caju on sago hampas. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology. 13: 43-49.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02770806
Chitra, N. J. & Vasanthakumari, R. (2012). Studies on polypropylene bio composite with corn husk waste. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research. 3: 2229-5515.
Ulven, A. A. (2011). The design of biocomposite materials [PDF slides]. Retrieved from http://www.biocom.iastate.edu/workshop/2012workshop/presentations/ulven.pdf
Sunarti, T.C., Dwiko, M., Derosya, V., & Meryandini, A. (2011). Effect on microwave treatment on acid and enzymes susceptibilities of sago pith. Procedia Chemistry. 1: 1-7
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2012.06.042
Lo, C. H. & Jiang, H. (2010). Photopatterning and degradation study of dextran-glycidyl methacrylate hydrogels. Polymer Engineering and Science. 50: 232-239.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pen.21531
Aloyarmi, T., Assaedi, H., Shaikh, F. U. A. and Low, I. M. (2014). Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of cotton fabric-reinforced geopolymer composites. Journal of Asian Ceramic Society. 2: 223-230.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2014.05.005
Sahari, J., Sapuan, S. M., Zainudin, E. S. & Maleque, M. A. (2012). Effect of water absorption on mechanical properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced sugar palm starch (spf/sps) biocomposites. Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy. 6: 1-5.
https://doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2013.1267
Kiran, G. B., Suman, K. N. S., Rao, N. M., & Rao, R. U. M. (2011). A study on the influence of hot press forming process parameters on mechanical properties of green composites using Taguchi experimental design. International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology. 3(4): 253-263.
https://doi.org/10.4314/ijest.v3i4.68557
Dhakal, H. N., Zhang Z. Y., & Richardson M. O. W. (2006). Effect of water absorption on the mechanical properties of hemp fibre reinforced unsaturated polyester composites. Composites Science and Technology. 10.1016.
Santiagoo, R., Ismail, H. & Hussin, K. (2011). Mechanical properties, water absorption and swelling behaviour of rice husk powder filled polypropylene/ recycled acrylonitrile butadiene rubber (PP/NBRr/RHP) biocomposites using silane as coupling agent. BioResources. 6(4): 3714-3726.
Crispim, E. G., Piai, J. F., Fajardo, A. R., Ramos, E. R. F., Nakamura, T. U., Nakamura, C. V., Rubira, A. F. & Muniz, E. C. (2012). Hydrogels based on chemically modified poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-GMA) and PVA-GMA/chondroitin sulphate: preparation and characterization. eXpress Polymer Letters. 6(5): 383-395.
https://doi.org/10.3144/expresspolymlett.2012.41
Pracella, M., Haque, M. M. U. & Alvarez, V. (2010). Functionalization, compatibilization and properties of polyolefin composites with natural fibers. Polymers 2010. 2: 554-574.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym2040554
Han, T. L., Kumar, R. N., Rozman, H.D. & Noor, M. A. M. (2003). GMA grafted sago starch as a reactive component in ultra violet radiation curable coatings. Carbohydrate Polymers. 54: 509-516.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2003.08.001
Razavi, N. M., Jafarzadeh, D. F., Oromiehie, A. and Langroudi, A. E. (2006). Mechanical properties and water absorption behaviour of chopped rice husk filled polypropylene composites. Iranian Polymer Journal. 15: 757-766.
Taib, R. M., Ramarad, S., Ishak, Z. A. M., Todo, M. (2008). Water absorption and tensile properties of kenaf bast fiber-plasticized poly(lactic acid) biocomposites. Proceeding of the Polymer Proceeding Society 24th Annual Meeting. Solerno, Italy. June 15-19th, 2008.
Gutierrez, T. J., Perez, E., Guzman, R., Tapia, M. S., Fama, L (2014). Physicochemical and functional properties of native and modified by crosslinking, dark-cush-cush yam (dioscorea trifida) and cassava (manihot esculenta) starch. Journal of polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry. 2(1): 1-5.
Janggu, U. and Bujang, K.B. (2008). Development of Cellulose Treatments Procedures for Production of Fermentable Sugars from Sago Hampas for Ethanol Fermentation. 10th Symposium of the Malaysian Society of Applied Biology. 6-8th November 2008. Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
Mandal, A., Pan, S., Mukherjee, S., Saha, A. K., Thomas, S. & Sengupta, A. (2014). Variations in specific heat and microstructure in natural rubber filled with different fillers as studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Journal of Polymer and Biopolymer Physics Chemistry. 2(1): 25-28.
Nigam, P.S., & Pandey, A. (2009). Utilization of agro-residues. Biotechnology for Agro-Industrial Residues. 10: 978-1007.
Roeder, R. K., Converse, G. L., Kane, R. J. & Yue, W. (2006). Hydroxyapatite-reinforced polymer biocomposites for synthetic bone substitutes. Biological Material Science. 1: 38-45.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
During the manuscript submission process, the corresponding author, on behalf of all authors, will be asked to agree to the terms of the Open Access Publishing Agreement by checking the designated agreement box (see Copyright & Licensing for more information).
Open Access Publishing Agreement
1) By agreeing to these terms, the author(s) retain full copyright and grant UNIMAS Publisher the right of first publication. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract, or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer to the publication in the Journal.
2) The author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) The author(s) are responsible for ensuring their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or proprietary right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
4) By agreeing to this statement, the author(s) declare that the research which they have conducted complies with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by the Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
5) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g., patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
