Removal of Atrazine from Water Using Oil Palm Shell Based Adsorbents: Equilibrium and Kinetic Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.114.2013Abstract
Adsorption using granular activated carbon (GAC) in a permeable reactive barrier (PRB) has been proven in inhibiting the further spread of contaminant plumes in groundwater. GAC synthesized from oil palm shell was chosen for groundwater remediation in this study due to the low operation cost using the adsorption process. In this study, GAC synthesized from oil palm shells were used as adsorbent to adsorb atrazine from water. This study involved a series of batch experiment to determine the adsorption equilibrium and kinetics of adsorbent. The batch experiment was conducted by shaking conical flasks containing 0.6 g GAC in 300 mL solution with initial atrazine concentrations of 5, 10, 20 and 30 mg/L at 180 rpm at 30 ± 2 °C. The GAC showed more than 95 % of atrazine removal in all the batch experiments. The adsorption kinetic study showed that the adsorption of atrazine is of physisorption as the experimental data is fitted better to the pseudo-first-order model than the pseudo- second-ordermodel.Intheadsorptionisothermstudy,theadsorptionofatrazineontoGACwasbetterdescribedbytheFreundlich model which indicated multilayer adsorption on the heterogeneous surface of the adsorbent. The atrazine adsorption capacity of the GAC was 15.132 mg/g, which was higher than that using the activated carbon synthesized from waste charcoal (13.947 mg/g). ThisstudyshowsthatthereisapotentialforGACtobeusedforremediatinggroundwatercontaminatedbypesticides.References
Neera, S. (2009). Adsorption of Herbicides on Coal Fly Ash from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 168, 233-237.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.02.016
Rengam, S. V. (2008). Malaysia: Severe Health Effects of Pesticides on Workers in Oil Palm Plantations. Montevideo: World Rainforest Movement's Bulletin.
Pilo, W. (2011). Expert: Beware of Pesticide Contamination. The Borneo Post, 9.
Salman, J. M., Njoku, V. O. and Hameed, B. H. (2011). Batch and Fixed-Bed Adsorption of 2, 4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid onto Oil Palm found Activated Carbon. Chemical Engineering Journal, 174, 33-40.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2011.08.024
Ivana, G., Marko, M., Dinko, V. and Natalija, K. (2009a). Evaluation of Atrazine Degradation in UV/FeZSM-5/H2O2 System Using Factorial Experimental Design. Chemical Engineering Journal, 150, 476-484.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.01.037
Ivana, G., Natalija, K. and Dinko, V. (2009b). Removal of Atrazine Herbicide from Model Wastewater. Technologia Quimica, 29, 32-42.
Liu. (1997). Environmental Engineer Handbook, 2nd Ed. Boca Raton, Florida: Louis Publishers.
https://doi.org/10.1201/9780367805333
Tomlinson, D. W., Thomson, N. R., Johnson, R. L. and Redman, J. D. (2003). Air Distribution in the Borden Aquifer During In Situ Air Sparging. Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, 67, 113-132.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-7722(03)00070-6
Khan, F. I., Hejazi, R. and Husain, T. (2004). An Overview and Analysis of Site Remediation Technologies. Journal of Environmental Management, 71, 95-122.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.02.003
Craig, J. R., Rabideau, A. J. and Suribhatla, R. (2006). Analytical Expressions for the Hydraulic Design of Continuous Permeable Reactive Barriers. Advances in Water Resources, 29, 99-111.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.05.006
Hemsi, P. S. and Shackelford, C. D. (2006). An Evaluation of the Influence of Aquifer Heterogeneity on Permeable Reactive Barrier Design. Water Resources Research, 42, W03402.
https://doi.org/10.1029/2005WR004629
Plagentz, V., Ebert, M. and Dahmke, A. (2006). Remediation of Groundwater Containing Chlorinated and Brominated Hydrocarbons, Benzene and Chromate by Sequential Treatment Using ZVI and GAC. Environmental Geological, 49, 684-695.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00254-005-0106-z
Gupta, V. K., Ali, I. and Saini, V. K. (2006). Adsorption of 2,4-D and Carbofuran Pesticides Using Fertilizer and Steel Industry Wastes. Journal Colloid Interface Science, 299, 556-563.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcis.2006.02.017
Memon, G. Z., Bhanger, M. I., Akhtar, M., Talpur, F. N. and Memon, J. R. (2008). Adsorption of Methyl Parathion Pesticide from Water Using Watermelon Peels as a Low Cost Adsorbent. Chemical Engineering Journal, 138, 616-621.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2007.09.027
Liu, W., Zhang, J., Zhang, C., Wang, Y. and Li, Y. (2010). Adsorptive Removal of Cr (VI) by Fe Modified Activated Carbon Prepared from Trapa Natans Husk. Chemical Engineering Journal, 162, 677-684.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.06.020
Jones, L. R., Owen, S. A., Horrell, P. and Burns, R. G. (1997). Bacterial Inoculation of Granular Activated Carbon Filters for the Removal of Atrazine from Surface Water. Water Resources, 32, 2542-2549.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0043-1354(97)00458-2
Dessouki, A., Aly, H. and Sokker, H. (1999). The Use Gamma Radiation for Removal of Pesticides from Waste Water. Journal of Physics, 49, 521- 533.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10582-999-0071-y
Mackay, D., Freyberg, D., Roberts, P. and Cherry, J. (1986). A Natural Gradient Experiment on Solute Transport in a Sand Aquifer: Approach and Overview of Plume Movement. Water Resources Research, 22, 2017-2029.
https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i013p02017
Bhatnagar, A. and Sillanpaa, M. (2010). Utilization of Agro-Industrial and Municipal Waste Materials as Potential Adsorbents for Water Treatment. Chemical Engineering Journal, 157, 277-296.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2010.01.007
Aksu, Z. and Yener, J. (1999). The Usage of Dried Activated Sludge and Fly Ash Wastes in Phenol Biosorption/Adsorption: Comparison with Granular Activated Carbon. Journal Environment Science Health Part A, 34, 1777-1796.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10934529909376928
Tan, I. A. W., Ahmad, A. L. and Hameed, B. H. (2008). Adsorption of Basic Dye on High Surface Area Activated Carbon Prepared from Coconut Husk: Equilibrium, Kinetic and Thermodynamic Studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 154, 337-346.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2007.10.031
Chin, J. (2011). Sarawak's Share in Malaysia Oil Palm. The Borneo Post, B1.
Tan, I. A. W., Ahmad, A. L. and Hameed, B. H. (2009). Adsorption Isotherms, Kinetics, Thermodynamics and Desorption Studies of 2, 4, 6- Trichlorophenol on Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch-Based Activated Carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 164, 473-482.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.08.025
Nuithitikul, K., Srikhun, S. and Hirunpraditkoon, S. (2010). Kinetics and Equilibrium Adsorption of Basic Green 4 Dye on Activated Carbon Derived from Durian Peel: Effects of Pyrolysis and Post-Treatment Conditions. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 41, 591-598.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtice.2010.01.007
Langergren, S. and Svenska, B. K. (1898). Zur Theorie Der Sogenannten Adsorption Geloester Stoffe. Veternskapsakad Handlingar, 24, 1-39.
Ho, Y. S. and McKay, G. (1998). The Kinetics of Sorption of Basic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Sphagnum Moss Peat. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 76 (4), 822-827.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.5450760419
Hameed, B. (2007). Equilibrium and Kinetics Studies of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol Adsorption onto Activated Clay. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect, 307, 45-52.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2007.05.002
Zawani, Z., Chuah, A. L. and Choong, T. S. (2009). Equilibrium, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies: Adsorption of Remazol Black 5 on the Palm Kernel Shell Activated Carbon (PKS-AC). European Journal of Scientific Research, 37, 63-71.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Upon acceptance of an article, the corresponding author on behalf of all authors will be asked to complete and upload the Copyright Transfer Form (refer to Copyright Issues for more information on this) alongside the electronic proof file.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer the publication in the Journal.
2) For open-access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds the copyright or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subjected to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) are responsible to ensure their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare that the researches which they have conducted comply with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
