A Case Study On Gerugu Dam Overtopping Under Different PMP Scenarios
Abstract
A hydrological dam safety inspection was carried out for existing Gerugu dam (CA= 14 km2) by evaluating the hydrological performance of the bellmouth spillway in light of two different sets of Probable Maximum Precipitation (PMP). For safety reason, it is utmost important that the flood rise does not exceed the embankment dam crest level (ECL). Gerugu dam (CA= 14 km2) is a small catchment earthfill zoned embankment dam that supplies raw waters to the water treatment plant downstream.
This study selects both “coastal” type of PMP [13], [14] which is mostly representative of the extreme precipitation parameters adopted in the design of the dam and a recent set of PMP under NAHRIM [11] study. A catchment routing procedure is then used to translate the PMPs to PMFs for 1- to 120-hour duration and a conventional reservoir routing in tandem to estimate the outflows and corresponding flood rise over the full supply level (FSL) of the reservoir. The dam is considered safe under both coastal and NAHRIM [11] PMP scenarios as the flood rises for all cases are confined below the embankment crest level (ECL), i.e. +33.0 m msl.
References
Al Maimum, A, and A. Hashim. 2004. Generalized Long Duration Probable Maximum Precipitation Isohyetal Map for Peninsular Malaysia. J. Spatial Hydrology, vol. 4(1) pp 212-234.
Atikah, (2009). Extreme Flood Event: A Case Study on Floods of 2006 and 2007 in Johor, Malaysia. Technical Report. Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.W.-K. Chen, Linear Networks and Systems (Book style). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth, 1993, pp. 123-135.
Australia Bureau of Meteorology (2003) The Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation in Australia: Generalized Short-Duration Method, Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Australia.
Chow, V.T., D.R. Maidment, and L. Mays (1988). Applied Hydrology. McGraw Hill, New York, New York.
Coleman, S.E., D. P. Andews, and M.G. Webby. (2002). Overtopping of Noncohensive Homogeneous Embankment. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 128(9), pp 829-830.
https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(2002)128:9(829)
Desa MN., A. B. Noriah, P. R. Rakhecha (2001) Probable maximum precipitation for 24 h duration over southeast Asian monsoon region-Selangor, Malaysia. Atmospheric Research, Volume 58, Issue 1, June 2001, Pages 41-54
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00070-9
Desa MN and PR Rakhecha, (2007) Probable maximum precipitation for 24-h duration over an equatorial region: Part 2-Johor, Malaysia. Atmospheric Research Volume 84, Issue 1, Pages 84-90
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2006.06.005
FEMA (2004). Federal Guideline for Dam Safety: Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Floods for Dams. US Department of Homeland Security, Federal Emergency Management Agency, Washington, DC. USA.
Heng HH & CP Hii, (2011). A Review on PMP Estimation in Malaysia. Int. Jour. Hydrology Science and Technology. Vol 1 No. ½ pp 63-87.
https://doi.org/10.1504/IJHST.2011.040741
Khoo, F.W.L, Law, P.L., Lai, S.H., Onn, Y.W., and Ting. H.S. (2009). Quantitative Dam Break Analysis on a Reservoir Earth Dam. Int. J. Envron. Sci. Tech., 6(2). 203-210.
https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03327623
NAHRIM (2008). Derivation of Probable Maximum Precipitation for Design Floods in Malaysia. Technical research publication (TRP) No. 1, Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Nippon Koei and SMHB. (2000). Nippon Koei in association with SMHB, 2000. Pahang- Selangor Raw Water Transfer Project Engineering Services and Detailed Engineering Design: Hydrograph, Final Report. Malaysia, JBA, JKR.
SMHB (1992). Study on Comprehensive Water Resources Planning and Development in the State of Pahang. Final report. Economic Planning Unit. Government of Malaysia.
SMHB (1994). Study on Comprehensive Water Resources Planning and Development in the State of Johor. Final report. Economic Planning Unit. Government of Malaysia.
SMHB, Ranhill Bersekutu, and Jurutera Perunding Zaaba (2000). National Water Resources Study 2000-2050. Economic Planning Unit, Government of Malaysia.
SSP and SMHB (1997). Kelantan River Flood Mitigation Project: Feasibility Study. Jabatan Pengairan dan Saliran, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
Taylor, M.A.W and Y.K.Toh (1976). Design Flood Hydrograph Estimation for Rural Catchments in Peninsular Malaysia. Kuala Lumpur, Hydrological Procedure No: 11. (HP 11) Jabatan Pengaliran dan Saliran, Ministry of Agriculture ,Malaysia.
Tingsanchali, T. and S. Tanmanee. (2012). Assessment of Hydrological Safety of Maei Sruai Dam, Thailand. Procedia Engineering, 32, pp 1198-1204.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.02.077
Vischer, D.L. and W. H. Hager (1998). Dam Hydraulics, Wiley, New York, New York.
WMO (1986). Manual on Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation. Operational Hydrology Report No. 332, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
WMO (2009). Manual on Estimation of Probable Maximum Precipitation. Operational Hydrology Report No. 1045, World Meteorological Organization, Geneva
www.icold.org
Upon acceptance of an article, the corresponding author on behalf of all authors will be asked to complete and upload the Copyright Transfer Form (refer to Copyright Issues for more information on this) alongside the electronic proof file.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer the publication in the Journal.
2) For open-access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds the copyright or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subjected to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) are responsible to ensure their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare that the researches which they have conducted comply with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
