Prospect of Biodiesel from Sludge Palm Oil in Malaysia

Authors

  • Abu Saleh Ahmed Centre for Research of Innovation and Sustainable Development (CRISD), School of Engineering and Technology, University of Technology Sarawak (UTS), No 1, Jalan Universiti, 96000 Sibu, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • Md Rezaur Rahman Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Muhammad Musa, 94300, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.
  • Sinin Hamdan Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Muhammad Musa, 94300, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • Muhammad Khusairy Bin Bakri Composite Materials and Engineering Center, 2001 Grimes Way, Pullman, 99164, Washington State, U.S.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1971-2350
  • Khairul Anwar Mohamad Said Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Jalan Datuk Muhammad Musa, 94300, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.6411.2024

Keywords:

Sludge Palm Oil, Free Fatty Acids, Transesterification, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer, Diesel Engines

Abstract

High feedstock costs make biodiesel production impractical and economically unfeasible, particularly as most feedstocks are unknown for performance. Waste oil, such as sludge palm oil (SPO), may be used to produce biodiesel. This study examined the efficiency and prospect of Sludge Palm Oil Biodiesel (SPOB) production from SPO through transesterification. One-step and two-step transesterification methods were performed for SPOB conversion. However, only a two-step method was effective in converting SPO into SPOB. SPO's high free fatty acid (FFA) content necessitated a two-step process to reduce FFAs to less than 4% before SPOB conversion. Step 1 yielded 78% SPOB at 2 hours, 0.03:1 acid catalyst–to–oil, and 8:1 alcohol–to–oil. The optimal SPOB yield for step 2 at 4 hours, 0.01:1 alkaline catalyst–to–oil, and 9:1 alcohol–to–oil was 78%. SPOB components were analyzed using FTIR with SPOB having a 1435.04 cm-1 methyl peak. The diesel engine performance test mixed SPOB with mineral diesel at different concentrations with 30% SPOB blends in mineral diesel offers the lowest fuel consumption (0.1089 ml/s), maximum braking horsepower (24.9266 rpm), and best mechanical efficiency. Density, flash point, and heating value were also tested to identify SPOB's physical characteristics and discussed in detail.

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Published

2024-04-30

How to Cite

Ahmed, A. S., Rahman, M. R., Hamdan, S., Bin Bakri, M. K., & Mohamad Said, K. A. (2024). Prospect of Biodiesel from Sludge Palm Oil in Malaysia. Journal of Applied Science &Amp; Process Engineering, 11(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.6411.2024

Issue

Vol. 11 No. 1 (2024): Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering, Volume 11, Number 1, 2024

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Articles

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