The Characterisation And Water Equivalency Of Rhizophora Spp. Particleboard Bonded With Soy Protein
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.3107.2021Keywords:
Photon Interaction, Rhizophora Spp., Water Equivalent Material.Abstract
The objective of this study was to explore the potential of particleboard made from a type of mangrove hardwood, i.e. Rhizophora spp., bonded with soy protein, and evaluate its suitability as a water-equivalent material. First, the bark of the raw hardwood was removed from its trunk prior to the grinding process. Next, three particleboards were fabricated with different percentages of soy protein (0 %, 8 %, and 16 %). The fabricated particleboards were each characterised for their density, mechanical properties, effective atomic number, morphological structure, elemental composition, and probability of photon interaction. The dimensional stability of each fabricated particleboard was evaluated according to the Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS) A 5908, Type-8, while the other properties were compared with that of the standard water phantom. There were improvements shown by the fabricated particleboards with 8 % and 16 % soy protein, in terms of dimensional stability. The morphological images also revealed that the particleboards bonded with 8 % and 16 % soy protein, have better contact between the particles, compared to the one bonded with 0 % soy protein. The elemental analysis, effective atomic number, and probability of photon interaction of the fabricated phantom showed identical results with that of the standard water phantom. Based on the findings of this study, the Rhizophora spp. particleboard bonded with soy protein has opened up possibilities for another potential alternative of solid phantom material as water-equivalent material.
References
Abuarra, A., Hashim, R., Bauk, S., Kandaiya, S., & Tousi, E. T. (2014). Fabrication and characterization of gum Arabic bonded Rhizophora spp. particleboards. Materials & Design, 60, 108-115.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2014.03.032
Tousi, E. T., Bauk, S., Hashim, R., Jaafar, M. S., Abuarra, A., Aldroobi, K. S. A., & Al-Jarrah, A. M. (2014). Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients of Eremurus-Rhizophora spp. particleboards for X-ray in the 16.63-25.30 keV energy range. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 103, 119-125.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2014.03.011
Shakhreet, B. Z., Bauk, S., & Shukri, A. (2013). Mass attenuation coefficients of fabricated Rhizophora spp. particleboard for the 15.77-25.27 keV range. Am. J. Sci. Ind. Res, 4(1), 89-94.
https://doi.org/10.5251/ajsir.2013.4.1.89.94
Marashdeh, M. W., Bauk, S., Tajuddin, A. A., & Hashim, R. (2012). Measurement of mass attenuation coefficients of Rhizophora spp. binderless particleboards in the 16.59-25.26 keV photon energy range and their density profile using x-ray computed tomography. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 70(4), 656-662.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2012.01.008
Khan, F. M., & Gibbons, J. P. (2014). Khan's the physics of radiation therapy. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN 978-1-4511-8245-3
Banjade, D. P., Tajuddin, A. A., & Shukri, A. (2001). A study of Rhizophora spp wood phantom for dosimetric purposes using high-energy photon and electron beams. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 55(3), 297-302.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0969-8043(01)00057-4
Taghizadeh Tousi, E., Hashim, R., Bauk, S., Suhaimi Jaafar, M., Hamdan Abuarra, A. M., Mahmoud Al-Jarrah, A., ... & Ali Aldroobi, K. S. (2015). Characterization of the rhizophora particleboard as a tissue-equivalent phantom material bonded with bio-based adhesive. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología, 17(2), 305-318.
https://doi.org/10.4067/S0718-221X2015005000029
Tajuddin, A. A., Sudin, C. C. W., & Bradley, D. A. (1996). Radiographic and scattering investigation on the suitability of Rhizophora sp. as tissue-equivalent medium for dosimetric study. Radiation Physics and Chemistry, 47(5), 739-740.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0969-806X(95)00052-Y
Bradley, D. A., Tajuddin, A. A., Sudin, C. W. A. C. W., & Bauk, S. (1991). Photon attenuation studies on tropical hardwoods. International journal of radiation applications and instrumentation. Part A. Applied radiation and isotopes, 42(8), 771-773.1.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2889(91)90182-Z
Frihart, C. R., & Wescott, J. M. (2004). Improved water resistance of bio-based adhesives for wood bonding. In Proceedings of ICECFOP1-1st International Conference on Environmentally-Compatible Forest Products: Fernando Pessoa University, Oporto, Portugal, 22-24 September 2004. Porto, Portugal: Edicoes Universidade Fernando Pessoa, 2004: Pages 293-302.
Bertaud, F., Tapin-Lingua, S., Pizzi, A., Navarrete, P., & Petit-Conil, M. (2012). Development of green adhesives for fibreboard manufacturing, using tannins and lignin from pulp mill residues. Cellulose Chem. Technol, 46(7-8), 449-455. ISSN 2457-9459
Frihart, C. R., & Birkeland, M. J. (2014). Soy properties and soy wood adhesives. In Soy-based chemicals and materials (pp. 167-192). American Chemical Society.
https://doi.org/10.1021/bk-2014-1178.ch008
Kumar, R., Choudhary, V., Mishra, S., Varma, I. K., & Mattiason, B. (2002). Adhesives and plastics based on soy protein products. Industrial crops and products, 16(3), 155-172.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-6690(02)00007-9
Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS). (2003). JIS A-5908. Particleboards, Japanese Standards Association, Tokyo, Japan.
Frihart, C. R., Birkeland, M. J., Allen, A. J., & Wescott, J. M. (2010). Soy adhesives that can form durable bonds for plywood, laminated wood flooring, and particleboard. In Proceedings of the International Convention of Society of Wood Science and Technology and United Nations Economic Commission for Europe--Timber Committee, October 11-14, 2010, Geneva, Switzerland.[Sl: sn], 2010: 1-13.
Hill, R. F., Brown, S., & Baldock, C. (2008). Evaluation of the water equivalence of solid phantoms using gamma ray transmission measurements. Radiation Measurements, 43(7), 1258-1264.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radmeas.2008.01.019
Tuğrul, T., & Eroğul, O. (2019). Analysis of water-equivalent materials used during irradiation in the clinic with XCOM and BEAMnrc. Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences, 12(1), 455-459.
https://doi.org/10.1080/16878507.2019.1708576
Tousi, E. T., Hashim, R., Bauk, S., Jaafar, M. S., Abuarra, A. M. H., & Ababneh, B. (2014). Some properties of particleboards produced from Rhizophora spp. as a tissue-equivalent phantom material bonded with Eremurus spp. Measurement, 54, 14-21.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
To download Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal, click here
