Kinetic Study & Statistical Modelling of Sarawak Peat Water Electrocoagulation System using Copper and Aluminium Electrodes
**An Erratum to this article was published on 30 April 2022. ** The article has been updated.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.2195.2020Keywords:
Peat water, Electrocoagulation, Kinetic study, Statistical modelling, Process optimizationAbstract
Due to insufficient water supply, the residents of the rural area of Sarawak are forced to use peat water as daily use for domestic water. The consumption of untreated peat water can lead to various waterborne diseases such as diarrhoea, and other serious illnesses such as typhoid and dysentery. Water treatment system such as electrocoagulation system can be developed to improve the water quality of the peat water as electrocoagulation requires simple equipment that can be operated easily, no usage of chemicals coagulant, producing less sludge and cost-effective treatment system. The main aim of this study is to develop a kinetic study and statistical modelling for both batch and continuous electrocoagulation processes of peat water treatment in Sarawak using aluminium and copper electrodes. This study focuses on the peat water treatment using electrocoagulation system. The fabricated electrocoagulation system is designed according to the characteristics in which the technology for building and the material used for constructing the electrocoagulation system should be available locally, the electrocoagulation system should be easy to fabricate and maintain, as well as low cost for construction and operation. For this study, Response Surface Methodology in Minitab software and Microsoft Excel are used for kinetic studies, statistical modelling, and process optimization. Process optimization is carried out to minimize energy consumption as well as the turbidity and TSS level. The optimum conditions for batch and continuous electrocoagulation system are 14.899 A/m2 and 41.818 min, and 3.861 A/m2 and 37.778 min respectively.
References
Ogilvy, G. (2017). Sarawak set to kick off programme to supply water to rural areas, in The Star Online, ed. Kuching.
Mollah, M.Y.A., Morkovsky, P., Gomes, J.A.G., Kesmez, M., Parga, J. and Cocke, D. L.(2004). Fundamentals, Present and Future Perspectives of Electrocoagulation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 114, No. 1-3, 199-210.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2004.08.009
Abuzaid, N.S.,Bukhari, A.A. and Al-Hamouz, Z.M. (2002). Ground Water Coagulation Using Soluble Stainless Steel Electrodes, Advances in Environmental Research, Vol. 6, No. 3, 325-333, 2002.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S1093-0191(01)00065-X
Koparal, A.S. and Ogutveren, U.B. (2002). Removal of Nitrate from Water by Electroreduction and Electrocoagulation, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 89, 83-94.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-3894(01)00301-6
Kumar, P.R., Chaudhari, S., Khilar, K.C. and Mahajan, S.P. (2004). Removal of Arsenic from Water by Electrocoagulation, Chemosphere, Vol. 55, No. 9, 1245-1252.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2003.12.025
Hakizimana, J.N., Gourich, B., Chafi, M., Stiriba, Y., Vial, C., Droguir, P. and Naja, J. (2017). Electrocoagulation Process in Water Treatment: A Review of Electrocoagulation Modeling Approaches, Desalination, Vol. 404, 1-21.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2016.10.011
Sa'don, N.M. and Abdul Karim, A.R. W. Jaol, and W. H. Wan Lili, (2014). Sarawak Peat Characteristics and Heat Treatment, UNIMAS e-Journal of Civil Engineering, Vol. 5, No. 3, 6 - 12.
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.139.2014
Moussa, D.T., El-Naas,M.H. and Al-Marri, M.J. (2017). A Comprehensive Review of Electrocoagulation for Water Treatment: Potentials and Challenges, Journal of Environmental Management, Vol. 186, 24-41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.10.032
Shankar, R., Singh, L., Mondal, P. and Chand, S. (2013). Removal of COD, TOC, and Color from Pulp and Paper Industry Wastewater through Electrocoagulation, 7711-7722.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.831782
Balasubramanian, N., Kojima,T. and Srinivasakannan, C. (2009). Arsenic Removal through Electrocoagulation: Kinetic and Statistical Modeling, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 155, No. 1, 76- 82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2009.06.038
Shafaei, A., Pajootan, E., Nikazar, M. and Arami, M. (2011). Removal of Co (II) from aqueous Solution by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminum Electrodes, Desalination, Vol. 279, 121-126.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.desal.2011.05.070
Mahvi, A.H., Bazrafshan. E., Mesdaghinia, A.R., Naseri, S., and Vaezi, F., (2007). Chromium (Cr) Removal from Aqueous Environments by Electrocoagulation Process Using Aluminum Electrodes, Journal Of Water and Wastewater , Vol. 62, 28-34.
Sidhara, R., Sivakumarb, V., Prince Immanuelc, V., and Maranb, P. J., (2011). Treatment of Pulp and Paper Industry Bleaching Effluent by Electrocoagulant Process, J. Hazard. Mater, Vol. 186, 1495-1502.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.12.028
Rabiatuladawiyah, D., Luqman, C.A. and Shafreeza, S. (2017). Potential of Copper Electrodes in Electrocoagulation Process for Glyphosate Herbicide Removal, MATEC Web of Conferences, Vol. 103, No. 06019.
https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201710306019
Kobya, M., Demirbas, E., Dedeli, A., and Sensoy, M. T. (2010). Treatment of Rinse Water from Zinc Phosphate Coating by Batch and Continuous Electrocoagulation Processes, J. Hazard. Mater, Vol. 173, No. 1-3, 326-334.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.08.092
Tir M. and Moulai-Mostefa, N. (2008). Optimization of Oil Removal from Oily Wastewater by Electrocoagulation Using Response Surface Method, Journal of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 158, No. 1, 107- 115.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.01.051
Takdastan, A., Tabar, S.E., Islam, A., Bazafkan, M.H. and Naisi, A.K. (2015). The Effect of the Electrode in Fluoride Removal from Drinking Water by Electro Coagulation Process, International Conference on Chemical, Environmental and Biological Sciences.
Montgomery, D.C. (2010). Design and Analysis of Experiments, seven ed. New Delhi: Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. [19] Makwana, A.R. and Ahammed, M. M. (2016). Continuous Electrocoagulation Process for The PostTreatment of Anaerobically Treated Municipal Wastewater, Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 102, 724-733, 2016.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
To download Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal, click here
