Bioconcentration of Cadmium and Nickel in Mud Clams (Polymesoda expansa) at Sungai Balok, Pahang
Abstract
Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in mollusc is one of the crucial topics in environmental pollution, toxicology and food safety as it gives great impact on the ecosystem and human health. This study was conducted to identify the level of Cadmium (Cd) and Nickel (Ni) in the soft tissues of mud clams (Polymesoda expansa) and in water samples at Sungai Balok, Pahang. The mud clams and water samples were collected from five sampling stations in Sungai Balok. Sampling was carried out during dry season (May 2018) and wet season (January 2019). The mud clams’ tissues were digested and analysed with inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The obtained results revealed that the mean level of Cd and Ni in tissues of mud clams during wet season (0.127±0.104 and 0.909±0.482)mg/kg were higher compared to dry season (0.031±0.014 and 0.245±0.106)mg/kg respectively. Both of Cd and Ni concentrations in the mud clams were found below the limits stated by FAO/WHO (1984), MFA (1983) and FSANZ (2002). There was no significance different (p<0.05) between Cd and Ni in both seasons. Meanwhile, the concentration of Cd in water samples from Balok river during both seasons were the same, which were (0.0001±0.001)mg/kg respectively, whereas for Ni, the concentration in dry and wet season were slightly different with value of 0.0088±0.001mg/kg and in Jan 2019 is 0.0062±0.001ppm. All the water samples from both seasons had Cd and Ni concentrations within Malaysia’s National Water Quality Standard NWQS limits.
References
Rai, P. K. (2008). Heavy Metal Pollution in Aquatic Ecosystems and its Phytoremediation Using Wetland Plants: An Ecosustainable Approach. International Journal of Phytoremediation, 10(2), 133-160.
https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510801913918
Cohen, T., Hee, S. S. Q., & Ambrose, R. F. (2001). Trace Metals in Fish and Invertebrates of Three California Coastal Wetlands. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 42(3), 224-232.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00146-6
Halim, A. A. A., Yaakub, N., & Haris, M. N. (2018). Toxicity of Heavy Metals in Meretrix Meretrix And Anadara Granosa From Balok River at Kuantan, Pahang. Journal of Agrobiotechnology, 9(1), 17-26.
Das, K. K., Das, S. N., & Dhundasi, S. A. (2008). Nickel, its Adverse Health Effects & Oxidative Stress. Indian Journal of Medical Research, 128(4), 412.
Okocha, R. C., & Adedeji, O. B. (2011). Overview of Cadmium Toxicity in Fish. Journal of Applied Sciences Research, 7(7), 1195-1207.
Järup, L. (2003). Hazards of Heavy Metal Contamination. British Medical Bulletin, 68(1), 167-182.
https://doi.org/10.1093/bmb/ldg032
Hamli, H., Rahim, A. A., Idris, M. H., Kamal, A. H. M., & King, W. S. (2015). Morphometric Variation Among Three Local Mangrove Clam Species of Corbiculidae. Songklanakarin Journal of Science & Technology, 37(1).
Dan'Azumi, S., & Bichi, M. H. (2010). Industrial Pollution and Heavy Metals Profile of Challawa River in Kano, Nigeria. Journal of Applied Sciences in Environmental Sanitation, 5(1).
Yap, C. K., Kamarul, A. R., & Edward, F. B. (2009a). Heavy Metal Concentrations (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Fe And Zn) in Different Soft Tissues and Shells of Pholas Orientalis Collected from Sekinchan and Pantai Remis, Selangor. Malaysian Applied Biology Journal, 38(1), 21-27.
Yap, C. K., Razeff, S. M. R., Edward, F. B., & Tan, S. G. (2009b). Heavy Metal Concentrations (Cu, Fe, Ni And Zn) in the Clam, Glauconome Virens, Collected from the Northern Intertidal Areas of Peninsular Malaysia. Malaysian Applied Biology Journal, 38(1), 29-35.
Hossen, M., Hamdan, S., & Rahman, M. (2015). Review on the Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Malaysian Clams. The Scientific World Journal.
https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/905497
Clemente, S. (2007). Ecology and Population Dynamics of the Mangrove Clam Polymesoda Erosa (Solander, 1876) in the Mangrove Ecosystem (Doctoral dissertation, Goa University).
Kamaruzzaman, Z. Rina, B. Akbar John and K.C.A. Jalal. (2010). Heavy Metal Accumulation in Commercially Important Fishes of South West Malaysian Coast. Research Journal of Environmental Sciences, 5: 595-602.
https://doi.org/10.3923/rjes.2011.595.602
AOAC. (2016). Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC INTERNATIONAL. 20th edition. Washington D.C: Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
APHA. (2005). Standard Methods for The Examination of Water and Waste Water Analysis. Washington D.C: American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, 289.
Lias, K., Jamil, T., & Aliaa, S. N. (2013). A Preliminary Study on Heavy Metal Concentration in the Marine Bivalves Marcia Marmorata Species And Sediments Collected From the Coastal Area Of Kuala Perlis, North of Malaysia. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry, 4(1), 48-54.
https://doi.org/10.9790/5736-0414854
Edward, F. B., Yap, C. K., Ismail, A., & Tan, S. G. (2009). Interspecific Variation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in the Different Parts of Tropical Intertidal Bivalves. Water, Air, And Soil Pollution, 196(1- 4), 297.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-008-9777-x
Yusoff, N. A. M., & Long, S. M. (2011, July). Comparative Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals (Fe, Zn, Cu, Cd, Cr, Pb) in Different Edible Mollusk Collected from the Estuary Area of Sarawak River. In Proceedings of The Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 10th International Annual Symposium (UMTAS'11).
Alfonso, J. A., Azocar, J., LaBrecque, J. J., Garcia, B., Palacios, D., & Benzo, Z. (2008). Trace Metals in Bivalves and Seagrass Collected from Venezuelan Coastal Sites. Revista De Biología Tropical
https://doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v56i0.5588
Singh, Y. T., Krishnamoorthy, M., & Thippeswamy, S. (2012). Status of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Wedge Clam, Donax Faba (Bivalvia: Donacidae) Collected from the Panambur Beach Near Industrial Areas. Recent Research in Science and Technology, 4(5).
FAO/WHO. (1984) List of Maximum Levels Recommended for Contaminants by the Joint FAO/WHO. Codex Alimentarius Commission, 3, 1-8.APHA. (2005). Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater Analysis. Washington D.C: American Water Works Association/Water Environment Federation, 289.
Malaysian Food Act (MFA). (1983). Malaysian Food and Drug. Kuala Lumpur: MDC Publishers Printer Sdn.Bhd.
FSANZ, 2003. Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code. Standard 1.4.1-Contaminants and Natural Toxicants. Anstat Pvt. Ltd., Victoria.
Udechukwu, B.E. & Ismail, A. (2013). Copper and Zinc in Commonly Consumed Bivalves from Pantai Remis Jeram, Selangor, Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Marine Ecosystem 3(1), 1-8.
Obasohan, E.E, & Oronsaye, J.A.O. (2004) Bioaccumulation of Heavy metals by Some Cichlids from Ogba River, Benin City, Nigeria. Nigerian Annals of Natural Sciences, 5, 11-27.
Andrew W.A. (1972). A Guide to the Study of Environmental Pollution. Prentice Hall Inc. Englewood Cliffs. New Jersey.
Abdullah, M. Z., Louis, V. C., & Abas, M. T. (2015). Metal Pollution and Ecological Risk Assessment of Balok River Sediment, Pahang Malaysia. American Journal of Environmental Engineering, 5(3A), 1-7.
Sobahan, M. A., Mir, S. I., Zakaria, I., & Hossain, M. (2013). Surface Water Contamination Due to Industrial Activities in Gebeng Area, Kuantan, Malaysia. In International Conference on Civil and Architecture Engineering (ICCAE'2013) May, 6-7.
Copyright (c) 2019 UNIMAS Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
To download Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal, click here
