An Investigation of Stickiness Force of Palm Oil Fruit for Food Processing

Authors

  • Sherena Saree Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability , Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.
  • Shanti Faridah Salleh Department of Chemical Engineering and Energy Sustainability , Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.
  • Mohd Azlan Ismail Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.166.2015

Keywords:

stickiness, palm oil fruit, adhesive force

Abstract

Dura and tenera varieties of palm fruit are very popular in production of palm oil and palm kernel, respectively; it becomes imperative to investigate the stickiness forces of the fruit as that may affect the design of machines to handle the processing fruits and also for major agricultural crops. Thus, this study investigates stickiness behavior for the two varieties of palm fruit. An investigation was carried to study the stickiness forces in palm oil fruit for food industry. The sensitive parameters that was considered in this study are dimension of the fruit, work of adhesion, surface free energy, dynamic angle of repose, coefficient of static friction and surface tension. All listed parameters have been individually considered as the sources of stickiness force in the palm oil machinery processes. A mathematical approach takes into account all relevant parameters to predict the adhesive forces value. The mechanical and physical interactions, that would affect the formation and magnitudes of stickiness force in the palm fruit also considered. The finding from this study shows the maximum amount of adhesive forces between the fruit bunches and also between fruit and the contact surface area of the palm oil fruit industry. Apart from that, this study quantified the minimum amount of force needed to detach the fruit bunches and from body of the machine. It is believed that the outcome from this study will provide fundamental understanding on the stickiness forces of the palm fruit that may influence the cleaning and threshing performance to palm oil industries and may benefit researchers, operation engineers and project managers in food industry.

References

Sime Darby, "Palm Oil Facts & Figures," April 2014, vol. 2012, 2014.

B. Adhikari, T. Howes, B. R. Bhandari, and V. Truong, "Stickiness in Foods: a Review of Mechanisms and Test Methods," Int. J. Food Prop., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 1-33, 2001.

https://doi.org/10.1081/JFP-100002186

O. K. Owolarafe, M. T. Olabige, and M. O. Faborode, "Physical and mechanical properties of two varieties of fresh oil palm fruit," J. Food Eng., vol. 78, no. 4, pp. 1228-1232, 2007.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.12.049

S. A. Fatin and S. Rosnah, "Effect of chopping oil palm fruit Spikeletes on the free fatty acid content release rate and its mechanical properties," pp. 511-516, 2014.

https://doi.org/10.15623/ijret.2014.0301086

R. G. Polytechnic and O. State, "Performance evaluation of a palm fruit," vol. 5, no. 9, pp. 29-33, 2010.

F. Gully, "Physical Aspects of Fruit Growth," pp. 585-590, 1982.

https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.69.3.585

C. Atwood-Stone and A. McEwen, "Measuring Dynamic Angle of Repose in Low Gravity Enviornments Using Martian Sand Dunes," LPI Contrib., pp. 30-31, 2013.

G. A, Rowland, "A material used for bonding that exhibits flow at the time of application.," Adhes. Adhes., pp. 1-11, 1998.

M. Farshchi-Tabrizi, M. Kappl, Y. Cheng, J. Gutmann, and H.-J. Butt, "On the adhesion between fine particles and nanocontacts: an atomic force microscope study.," Langmuir, vol. 22, no. 5, pp. 2171-2184, 2006.

https://doi.org/10.1021/la052760z

N. K. Adam and H. K. Livingston, "Contact Angles and Work of Adhesion," Nature, vol. 182, no. 4628, pp. 128-128, 1958.

https://doi.org/10.1038/182128a0

N. Siddiqui and A. Ahmad, "A study on viscosity, surface tension and volume," vol. 2, no. 6, pp. 1318-1326, 2013.

M. Kaleem, J. D. Satterthwaite, and D. C. Watts, "A method for assessing force/work parameters for stickiness of unset resin-composites," Dent. Mater., vol. 27, no. 8, pp. 805-810, 2011.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.04.005

Downloads

Published

2015-09-30

How to Cite

Saree, S., Salleh, S. F., & Ismail, M. A. (2015). An Investigation of Stickiness Force of Palm Oil Fruit for Food Processing. Journal of Applied Science &Amp; Process Engineering, 2(2), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.166.2015

Issue

Vol. 2 No. 2 (2015): Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering, Volume 2, Number 2, 2015

Section

Articles

License

Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal

1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.

2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.

3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.

4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.

5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.

6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.

To download Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal, click here