Study On Electrostatic Extrusion Method For Synthesizing Calcium Alginate Encapsulated Iron Oxide
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.156.2014Keywords:
polymer beads, RSM, electrostatic extrusion, encapsulation, modeling and simulationAbstract
Electrostatic extrusion method is used to produce polymer beads by dripping polymer mixtures into hardening solution using syringing system with electrostatic charges. Through this method, iron oxide particles can be encapsulated into calcium alginate polymer beads. The changes in characteristics of the produced bead can be observed through changing the physical parameter values of applied voltage, height of electrodes, flow rate, and needle sizes of the system. From experimental study using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) modeling, the diameter of produced beads significantly decreases when applied voltage increases and needle size decreases. The optimum parameters from RSM is determined as 4kV applied voltage, 2cm of electrodes height and 0.4mm of needle diameter while flow rate does not contribute significant effect on the system. Furthermore, instrumental and analytical studies are carried out to characterize the produced bead based on the bead sizes, sphericity, surface area and surface morphology. Other than that, a mathematical model is developed from basic equations related to the system on production of calcium alginate encapsulated iron oxide. The model is then improvised and validated via experiment and it shows good agreement with the experiment result where error of the models is 0.4% for bead diameter and 2.5% for bead sphericity.References
Lim, S. F., Zheng, Y. M., Zou, S. W. and Chen, J. P. (2008). Characterization of Copper Adsorption onto an Alginate Encapsulated Magnetic Sorbent by a Combined FT-IR, XPS, and Mathematical Modeling Study. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 42, 2551 - 2556.
https://doi.org/10.1021/es7021889
Li, G., Du, Y., Tao, Y., Deng, H., Luo, X., and Yang, J. (2010). Iron(II) Cross-linked Chitin-based Gel Beads: Preparation, Magnetic Property and Adsorption of Methyl Orange. Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 82, 706-713.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2010.05.040
Amsden, B. G. and Goosen, M. F. A. (1996). An Examination of Factors Affecting the Size, Distribution and Release Characteristics of Polymer Microbeads Made Using Electrostatics. Controlled Release, Vol. 43, 183-196.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0168-3659(96)01483-6
Nedovic, V., Manojlovic, V., Pruesse, U., Bugarski, B., Djonlagic, J., and Vorlop, K. (2005). Optimization of the Electrostatic Droplet Generation Process for Controlled Micrbead Production-Single Nozzel System. CIandCEQ Vol. 12, No. 1, 53-57.
https://doi.org/10.2298/CICEQ0601053N
Poncelet, D., Babak, V. G., Neufeld, R. J., Goosen, M. F. A., and Burgarski, B. (1999). Theory of electrostatic dispersion of polymer solutions in the production of microgel beads containing biocatalyst. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science, Vol. 79, No. 2, 213-228.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8686(97)00037-7
Lim, S. F. and Chen, J. P. (2007). Synthesis of an innovative calcium-alginate magnetic sorbent for removal of multiple contaminants. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 253, 5772-5775.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2006.12.049
Nedovic, V. A., Obradovic, B., Leskosek-Cukalovic, I., Trifunovic, O., Pesic, R., and Bugarski, B. (2001). Electrostatic Generation of Alginate Micorbeads Loaded with Brewing Yeast. Process Biochemistry. Vol. 37, 17-22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(01)00172-8
Knezevic, Z., Bobic, S., Milutinovic, A., Obradovic, B., Mojovic, L., and Burgarski, B. (2002). Alginate-immobilized Lipase by Electrostatic Extrusion for the Purpose of Palm Oil Hydrolysis in Lecithin/isooctane System. Process Biochemistry, Vol. 38, 313-318.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-9592(02)00085-7
Ohashi, T., Kuyama, H., Suzuki, K., and Nakamura, S. (2009). Control of Aqueous Droplets Using Magnetic and Electrostatic Forces. Analytica Chemica Acta, Vol. 612, 218-225.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2008.02.023
Cornell, R. M. and Schwermann, U. (2000). Iron Oxides in the Laboraory: Preparation and Characterization. Wiley-VCH. New York.
Piazza, L. and Roversi, L. (2011). Preliminary Study on Microbeads Production by Co-extrusion Technology. Procedia Food Science, Vol. 1, 1374-1380.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profoo.2011.09.204
Kim, Y. J. and Ko, H. S. (2007). Numerical and experimental analysis of electrostatic ejection of liquid droplets. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 51, S42-S46.
https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.51.42
Geankoplis, C. J. (2003). Transport Process and Separation Process Principles (Includes Unit Operations). Pearson Education, USA.
Sato, M., Kudo, N. and Saito, M. (1998). Surface tension reduction of liquid by applied electric field using vibrating jet method. IEEE Trans. Ind. Appl., Vol. 34, 294-300.
https://doi.org/10.1109/28.663471
Schmehl, R. (2002). Advanced modelling of droplet deformation and breakup for CFD analysis of mixture preparation, ILASS-Europe.
Cordoba, A. L., Deladino, L., and Martino, M. (2013). Effect of Starch Filler on Calcium-alginate Hydrogels Loaded with Yerba Mate Antioxidants. Carbohydrate Polymers, Vol. 95, 315-323.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.03.019
Aquino, R. P., Auriemma, G., ' m re, M., ' rsi, . M., Menc erini, ., an Gau i , P. . ( ). Piroxicam Loaded Alginate Beads Obtained by Prilling/Microwave Tandem Technique: Morphology and Drug Release. Caborhydrate Polymer , Vol. 89, 740-748.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.04.003
Klokk, T. I and Melvik, J. E. (2002). Controlling size of alginate gel beads by use of a high electrostatic potential. Microencapsulation, Vol. 19, No. 4, 415-424.
