Dr. EXAMINING ANTECEDENT FACTORS’ MODERATING AND MEDIATING IMPACTS ON THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN CUSTOMERS’ INTRINSIC MOTIVATIONS, ENGAGEMENT AND VALUE CO-CREATION BEHAVIORS IN MOBILE BANKING SERVICE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.8036.2025Keywords:
Customer value co-creation, Customer intrinsic motivation, Customer engagement, Generation cohort, Mobile bankingAbstract
Purpose – Grounded on the Stimulus-Organism-Response (SOR) theory, service-dominant logic and self-determination theory (SDT) model, this research aims to examine the impacts of customers’ intrinsic motivations (CIM) on customer engagement (CE) and customer value co-creation behaviors (CVCB) under Chinese mobile banking (M-banking) context. This research also adopted generational theory (GT) to rationalize whether such the above intricate relationships varied among Chinese customers from different generation cohorts.
Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected from a total of 680 Chinese M-banking users from 29 provinces and regions in China. This research utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) and path analysis approaches to examine the proposed research framework.
Findings – The study findings revealed that Chinese M-banking users’ CIM had positive impacts on CE and CVCB, although CIM did not exerted significant direct effect on CVCB, it did indirectly influence CVCB via CE, which validated CE’s mediation effect on the relationship between CIM and CVCB. Moreover, study results revealed that generational differences’ moderation effect was only significant on the relationship between CE and CVCB.
Originality/value – The research finding offered added evidence that extends the knowledge from prevailing research regarding CVCB in Chinese M-banking settings, which has been untapped in marketing literature.
Practical implications – Because intrinsic motivation serves an essential role in determining customers’ engaging and value co-creation behaviors in M-banking service, policy makers including Chinese banks’ management and government should design M-banking service that motivates customers’ intrinsic desires and meets distinctive needs from various generation groups, so as to attract and maintain customer under Chinese cultural context.
References
Achieng, B. M., and Ingari, B. K. (2015). Factors influencing the adoption of mobile banking in Kenya's commercial banks: A case of Kenya Commercial Bank (KCB) Kilindini branch. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 5(10), 1-14. DOI:10.21917/ijsc.2023.0432
Ahn, J., and Rho, T. (2021). The effect of customer participation in service industry on encounter satisfaction by the development of relationship. Journal of global scholars of marketing science, 31(1), 94-120. DOI: 10.1080/21639159.2020.1808806
https://doi.org/10.1080/21639159.2020.1808806
Alhassan, M. D., and Adam, I. O. (2021). The effects of digital inclusion and ICT access on the quality of life: A global perspective. Technology in Society, 64(1), 101511. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101511.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2020.101511
Almaiah, M. A., Al-Otaibi, S., Shishakly, R., Hassan, L., Lutfi, A., Alrawad, M., Qatawneh, M., and Alghanam, O. A. (2023). Investigating the role of perceived risk, perceived security and perceived trust on smart m-banking application using sem. Sustainability, 15(13), 9908. DOI:10.3390/su15139908
https://doi.org/10.3390/su15139908
Arcand, M., PromTep, S., Brun, I., and Rajaobelina, L. (2017). Mobile banking service quality and customer relationships. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 35(7), 1068-1089. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2015-0150
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-10-2015-0150
Aws, A., Ping, T. A., and Al-Okaily, M. (2021). Towards business intelligence success measurement in an organization: A conceptual study. Journal of System and Management Sciences, 11(2), 155-170. DOI:10.33168/JSMS.2021.0210
Bankmycell. (2023). How Many Smartphones Are In The World?, available at: https://www.bankmycell.com/blog/how-many-phones-are-in-the-world#:~:text=In%202023%2C%20the%20number%20of,91.40%25%20of%20the%20world%27s%20population (accessed 1 July 2024).
Blažič, B. J., and Blažič, A. J. (2020). Overcoming the digital divide with a modern approach to learning digital skills for the elderly adults. Education and information technologies, 25(1), 259-279. DOI:10.1007/s10639-019-09961-9
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-019-09961-9
Bolton, R. N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., Loureiro, Y. K., and Solnet, D. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: a review and research agenda. Journal of Service Management, 24(3), 245-267. https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231311326987
https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231311326987
Bowden, J. L.-H. (2009). The process of customer engagement: A conceptual framework. Journal of marketing Theory and Practice, 17(1), 63-74. https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679170105
https://doi.org/10.2753/MTP1069-6679170105
Brodie, R. J., Ilic, A., Juric, B., and Hollebeek, L. (2013). Consumer engagement in a virtual brand community: An exploratory analysis. Journal of Business Research, 66(1), 105-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.029
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.07.029
Carlson, J., Rahman, M., Voola, R., and De Vries, N. (2018). Customer engagement behaviours in social media: capturing innovation opportunities. Journal of Services Marketing, 32(1), 83-94. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-02-2017-0059.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JSM-02-2017-0059
Chaouali, W., and Souiden, N. (2019). The role of cognitive age in explaining mobile banking resistance among elderly people. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 50(1), 342-350. DOI:10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.07.009.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2018.07.009
Choi, H., Park, J., Kim, J., and Jung, Y. (2020). Consumer preferences of attributes of mobile payment services in South Korea. Telematics and informatics, 51(1), 101397. DOI:10.1016/j.tele.2020.101397
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2020.101397
Collier, J. (2020). Applied structural equation modeling using AMOS: Basic to advanced techniques. Routledge.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003018414
Czeszejko, R., and Öfverström, S. (2021). Please Initiate Gamifications with Me : Quantitative study on impact of Gamification on Customer Engagement within Co-creation (Dissertation). Retrieved from https://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-451070
Dhapte, A. (2023). Market research report. https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/mobile-banking-market-2906
Ferm, L.-E. C., and Thaichon, P. (2021). Value co-creation and social media: Investigating antecedents and influencing factors in the US retail banking industry. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 61(1), 102548. DOI: 10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102548
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102548
Fernandes, T., and Remelhe, P. (2016). How to engage customers in co-creation: customers' motivations for collaborative innovation. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 24(3-4), 311-326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2015.1095220
https://doi.org/10.1080/0965254X.2015.1095220
Firdaus, M. I., Utama, C. A., Gayatri, G., and Rofianto, W. (2023). Co-creation experience in Indonesian mobile commerce: A self-determination theory perspective. Innovative Marketing, 19(3), 145. DOI:10.21511/im.19(3).2023.13.
https://doi.org/10.21511/im.19(3).2023.13
Fishbach, A., and Ferguson, M. J. (2007). The goal construct in social psychology. Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles, 2, 490-515. DOI:10.1007/BF02333407
Fu, J., Ko, P. C., Lu, C., and Lee, W. L. (2018, May). Brand engagement and co-creation in the online environments-based on the self-determination theory. In Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on E-business and Mobile Commerce (pp. 11-16). DOI:10.1145/3230467.3230472.
https://doi.org/10.1145/3230467.3230472
Gardiner, S., Grace, D., and King, C. (2015). Is the Australian domestic holiday a thing of the past? Understanding baby boomer, Generation X and Generation Y perceptions and attitude to domestic and international holidays. Journal of Vacation Marketing, 21(4), 336-350. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766715580188
https://doi.org/10.1177/1356766715580188
Gilal, F. G., Zhang, J., Gilal, R. G., and Gilal, N. G. (2020). Linking motivational regulation to brand passion in a moderated model of customer gender and age: an organismic integration theory perspective. Review of Managerial Science, 14(1), 87-113. DOI:10.1007/s11846-018-0287-y.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11846-018-0287-y
Glavee-Geo, R., Shaikh, A. A., Karjaluoto, H., and Hinson, R. E. (2020). Drivers and outcomes of consumer engagement: Insights from mobile money usage in Ghana. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(1), 1-20. DOI:10.1108/IJBM-01-2019-0007
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2019-0007
Grönroos, C. (2008). Service logic revisited: who creates value? And who co‐creates? European business review, 20(4), 298-314. https://doi.org/10.1108/09555340810886585
https://doi.org/10.1108/09555340810886585
Hair Jr, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., and Anderson, R. E. (2021). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hansen, J.-I. C., and Leuty, M. E. (2012). Work values across generations. Journal of Career Assessment, 20(1), 34-52. https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711417163
https://doi.org/10.1177/1069072711417163
Harris, J. (2016). The motivations of Gen Z and Gen Y for participating in value co-creation activities. Journal of Business Research, 69(11), 4404-4412.
Hazzam, J. (2022). Customers' engagement behaviors in online social network services: A comparative study of Generation Y and Z in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Business and Social Research, 10(3), 25-45. DOI:10.1108/YC-03-2021-1296.
He, Y., Li, K., and Wang, Y. (2022). Crossing the digital divide: The impact of the digital economy on elderly individuals' consumption upgrade in China. Technology in Society, 71(1), 102141. DOI: 10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102141
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.102141
Henseler, J., Ringle, C. M., and Sarstedt, M. (2015). A new criterion for assessing discriminant validity in variance-based structural equation modeling. Journal of the academy of marketing science, 43(1), 115-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11747-014-0403-8
Heyns, M. M., and Kerr, M. D. (2018). Generational differences in workplace motivation. SA Journal of Human Resource Management, 16(1), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v16i0.967.
https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v16i0.967
Higgins, E. T., and Scholer, A. A. (2009). Engaging the consumer: The science and art of the value creation process. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 19(2), 100-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2009.02.002
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcps.2009.02.002
Hijazi, R. (2022). Mobile banking service quality and customer value co-creation intention: a moderated mediated model. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 40(7), 1501-1525. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2022-0004
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-01-2022-0004
iResearch. (2022). China Mobile Banking APP Monitoring Report in the First Half of 2022 https://report.iresearch.cn/content/2022/07/441655.shtml
Ivanova, O., Flores-Zamora, J., Khelladi, I., and Ivanaj, S. (2019). The generational cohort effect in the context of responsible consumption. Management Decision, 57(5), 1162-1183. DOI:10.1108/MD-12-2016-0915.
https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-12-2016-0915
Jha., S. N. (2023). Mobile Payment Market Growth Outlook (2022-2032). https://www.factmr.com/report/mobile-payment-market
Kapil, Y., and Roy, A. (2014). Critical evaluation of generation Z at workplaces. International Journal of Social Relevance and Concern, 2(1), 10-14.
Kilani, A. A.-H. Z., Kakeesh, D. F., Al-Weshah, G. A., and Al-Debei, M. M. (2023). Consumer post-adoption of e-wallet: An extended UTAUT2 perspective with trust. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(3), 100113. DOI:10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100113
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100113
Kline, R. B. (2011). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (3. Baskı). New York, NY: Guilford, 14, 1497-1513.
Knight, J. (2014). Three generations of crossborder higher education: New developments, issues and challenges. Internationalisation of higher education and global mobility, 23, 43-58.
Lai, H. M., Hsiao, Y. L., & Hsieh, P. J. (2018). The role of motivation, ability, and opportunity in university teachers' continuance use intention for flipped teaching. Computers & Education, 124(1), 37-50. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.013.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2018.05.013
Laukkanen, T. (2016). Consumer adoption versus rejection decisions in seemingly similar service innovations: The case of the Internet and mobile banking. Journal of business research, 69(7), 2432-2439. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.01.013
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2016.01.013
Leclercq, T., Hammedi, W., and Poncin, I. (2018). The boundaries of gamification for engaging customers: Effects of losing a contest in online co-creation communities. Journal of interactive marketing, 44(1), 82-101. DOI: 10.1016/j.intmar.2018.04.004
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2018.04.004
Lee, Y., Lee, J., and Hwang, Y. (2015). Relating motivation to information and communication technology acceptance: Self-determination theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 51(1), 418-428.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.021.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2015.05.021
Leroy, J., Cova, B., and Salle, R. (2013). Zooming in VS zooming out on value co-creation: consequences for BtoB research. Industrial Marketing Management, 42(7), 1102-1111. DOI:10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.07.006
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indmarman.2013.07.006
Li, D., and Han, X. (2021). Assessing the influence of goal pursuit and emotional attachment on customer engagement behaviors. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 59, 102355. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102355
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102355
Liang. (2021). China Mobile Banking App Market Research Report, available at: https://pdf.dfcfw.com/pdf/H3_AP202202211548313628_1.pdf?1645441481000.pdf. (accessed 1 July 2024).
Lin, S., Yang, S., Ma, M., and Huang, J. (2018). Value co-creation on social media: Examining the relationship between brand engagement and display advertising effectiveness for Chinese hotels. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(4), 2153-2174. DOI:10.1108/IJCHM-08-2016-0484
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-08-2016-0484
Mehrabian, A., and Russell, J. A. (1974). An approach to environmental psychology. the MIT Press.
Moise, M. S., Gil-Saura, I., and Ruiz-Molina, M.-E. (2020). Implications of value co-creation in green hotels: the moderating effect of trip purpose and generational cohort. Sustainability, 12(23), 9866. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239866
https://doi.org/10.3390/su12239866
Mostafa, R. B. (2020). Mobile banking service quality: a new avenue for customer value co-creation. International Journal of Bank Marketing, 38(5), 1107-1132. DOI:10.1108/IJBM-11-2019-0421
https://doi.org/10.1108/IJBM-11-2019-0421
Mustak, M., Jaakkola, E., and Halinen, A. (2013). Customer participation and value creation: a systematic review and research implications. Managing Service Quality: An International Journal, 23(4), 341-359. https://doi.org/10.1108/MSQ-03-2013-0046.
https://doi.org/10.1108/MSQ-03-2013-0046
Nwoko, C., and Yazdani, K. (2023). Self-Determination Theory: The Mediating Role of Generational Differences in Employee Engagement. Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(4), 130-142. https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2023.5.4.14
https://doi.org/10.32996/jbms.2023.5.4.14
Omran, W. (2021). Customer Engagement in Social Media Brand Community A Study of Fast-Food facebook brand pages in Syria Escola Superior de Tecnologia e Gestão de Oliveira do Hospital-ESTGOH]. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/38572
Ozkan, M., and Solmaz, B. (2015). The changing face of the employees-generation Z and their perceptions of work (a study applied to university students). Procedia economics and finance, 26, 476-483. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00876-X.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00876-X
Park, N., Kee, K. F., and Valenzuela, S. (2009). Being immersed in social networking environment: Facebook groups, uses and gratifications, and social outcomes. Cyberpsychology and behavior, 12(6), 729-733. DOI:10.1089/cpb.2009.0003.
https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2009.0003
Pernamawati, S. N., Prambudi, A., and Irfan, M. (2024). Relationship between Customer Engagement and Loyalty with Usage of Mobile Banking. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 7(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.31538/iijse.v7i1.3882
Petter, S., Straub, D., and Rai, A. (2007). Specifying formative constructs in information systems research. MIS Quarterly, 31(4), 623-656. https://10.2307/25148814.
https://doi.org/10.2307/25148814
Qoma, L. (2021). Analysing the perception and the engagement of baby boomers towards digital banking in Mafikeng North-West University (South Africa)]. DOI:10.1145/3410886.3410915.
Rezvani, A., Khosravi, P., and Dong, L. (2017). Motivating users toward continued usage of information systems: Self-determination theory perspective. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 263-275. DOI:10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.032.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.07.032
Robb, S. L. (1998). William Strauss and Neil Howe," The Fourth Turning: An American Prophecy"(Book Review). Journal of Historical Research in Music Education, 19(3), 201.
https://doi.org/10.1177/153660069801900305
Ryan, R. M., and Deci, E. L. (2000). Self-determination theory and the facilitation of intrinsic motivation, social development, and well-being. American Psychologist, 55(1), 68-78. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.55.1.68.
https://doi.org/10.1037//0003-066X.55.1.68
Shulga, L. V., Busser, J. A., and Kim, H. (2018). Generational profiles in value co-creation interactions. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 27(2), 196-217. DOI:10.1080/19368623.2017.1340218.
https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2017.1340218
Singh, S., and Srivastava, R. (2020). Understanding the intention to use mobile banking by existing online banking customers: an empirical study. Journal of financial services marketing, 25(3-4), 86-96. DOI: 10.1057/s41264-020-00074-w.
https://doi.org/10.1057/s41264-020-00074-w
Sinz, S. (2023). Is co-creation still an innovative innovation strategy across generations?, available at: https://repositorio.ucp.pt/handle/10400.14/41253 (accessed 1 July 2024).
Sleiman, K. A. A., Juanli, L., Lei, H. Z., Rong, W., Yubo, W., Li, S., ... and Amin, F. (2023). Factors that impacted mobile-payment adoption in China during the COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16197.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16197
Statistica. (2024). Share of bank account holders processing banking matters via online banking (PC or laptop) or mobile banking (smartphone or tablet) worldwide 2023, by country, available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1440760/mobile-and-online-banking-penetration-worldwide-by-country/ (accessed 1 July 2024).
Van Doorn, J., Lemon, K. N., Mittal, V., Nass, S., Pick, D., Pirner, P., and Verhoef, P. C. (2010). Customer engagement behavior: Theoretical foundations and research directions. Journal of service research, 13(3), 253-266. https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670510375599
https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670510375599
Vargo, S. L., and Lusch, R. F. (2004). Evolving to a new dominant logic for marketing. Journal of Marketing, 68(1), 1-17. DOI:10.1509/jmkg.68.1.1.24036
https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkg.68.1.1.24036
Vayghan, S., Baloglu, D., and Baloglu, S. (2023). The impact of utilitarian, social and hedonic values on hotel booking mobile app engagement and loyalty: a comparison of generational cohorts. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 6(5), 1990-2011. DOI: 10.1108/JHTI-06-2022-0229
https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-06-2022-0229
Wang, J., Dang, W., Hui, W., Muqiang, Z., and Qi, W. (2021). Investigating the effects of intrinsic motivation and emotional appeals into the link between organic appeals advertisement and purchase intention toward organic milk. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 679611. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679611.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.679611
WHO. (2024). Number of COVID-19 deaths reported to WHO (cumulative total), available at: https://data.who.int/dashboards/covid19/deaths (accessed 1 July 2024).
Wirtz, J., Ramaseshan, B., van deKlundert, J., Canli, Z., and Kandampully, J. (2013). Managingbrands and customer engagement in online brand communities. Journal of Service Manage-ment, 24, 223-244. doi:10.1108/09564231311326978
https://doi.org/10.1108/09564231311326978
Xie, B., Xin, X., & Bai, G. (2016). Hierarchical plateau and turnover intention of employees at the career establishment stage: Examining mediation and moderation effects. Career Development International, 21(5), pp.518-533. DOI:10.1108/CDI-04-2015-0063.
https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-04-2015-0063
Yamane, T. (1973). Statistics: An introductory analysis. 3rd Edition, Harper and Row, New York.
Yang, J., Wu, Y., and Huang, B. (2023). Digital finance and financial literacy: Evidence from Chinese households. Journal of Banking and Finance, 156, 107005. DOI: 10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.107005
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2023.107005
Yi, Y., and Gong, T. (2013). Customer value co-creation behavior: Scale development and validation. Journal of business research, 66(9), 1279-1284. DOI:10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.02.026
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2012.02.026
Yicaiglobal. (2020). hefei-foshan-enter-china-list-of-emerging-first-tier-cities, available at: https://www.yicaiglobal.com/news/hefei-foshan-enter-china-list-of-emerging-first-tier-cities (accessed 1 July 2024).
Yifan. (2023). Inventory of monthly active users of bank APPs in June 2023, available at: https://www.analysys.cn/article/detail/20021074 (accessed 1 July 2024).
Zhou, Y., He, T., and Lin, F. (2022). The Digital Divide Is Aging: An Intergenerational Investigation of Social Media Engagement in China. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(19), 12965. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912965
https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912965
Zhu, Q., Lyu, Z., Long, Y., and Wachenheim, C. J. (2022). Adoption of mobile banking in rural China: Impact of information dissemination channel. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 83, 101011. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seps.2021.101011
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 UNIMAS Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
