HOW PERCEIVED WORKPLACE OSTRACISM HINDERS CREATIVITY: COWORKER ENVY AS A TRIGGER

Authors

  • Joko Suyono Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Risgiyanti Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Lilik Wahyudi Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia
  • Adnan Effendi Faculty of Business and Economics, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5612.2023

Keywords:

Creative process engagement, creativity, envy, ostracism

Abstract

Workplace ostracism is a construct that requires further studies since it potentially affects ostracized individuals’ attitudes and behaviors, yet it is still understudied. The present study aimed to analyze the mechanism of the emergence of workplace ostracism through coworker envy and its effect on employee creativity. Creative process engagement was also used as a mediating variable for the effect of workplace ostracism on creativity. The data were gathered using a self-report questionnaire distributed to employees in the service sector. Out of 592 questionnaires filled out online, 201 met the criteria for further analysis. The result showed that coworker envy significantly and positively affects workplace ostracism. The finding also suggested that workplace ostracism has a negative and significant effect on creative process engagement but has no significant effect on employee creativity. However, this study revealed that creative process engagement fully mediated the negative effect of workplace ostracism on creativity.

References

Amabile, T. M. (1983). The social psychology of creativity: A componential conceptualization. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 45(2), 357-376. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.45.2.357

Amabile, T. M. (1988). A model of creativity and innovation in organizations. In B. S. Cummings (Eds.), Research in organizational behavior (Vol. 10) (pp. 123-167). Greenwich: JAI Press.

Amabile, T. M. (1996). Creativity in context: Update to the social psychology of creativity. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.

Amabile, T. M., & Pratt, M. G. (2016). The dynamic componential model of creativity and innovation in organizations: Making progress, making meaning. Research in Organizational Behavior, 36, 157-183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.riob.2016.10.001

Anjum, M. A., Liang, D., Ahmed, A., & Parvez, A. (2022). Understanding how and when workplace ostracism jeopardizes work effort. Management Decision, 60(7). https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2021-0195

https://doi.org/10.1108/MD-02-2021-0195

Armeli, S., Eisenberger, R., Fasolo, P., & Lynch, P. (1998). Perceived organizational support and police performance: The moderating influence of socioemotional needs. Journal of Applied Psychology, 83(2), 288-297. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.288

https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.83.2.288

Baer, M. (2010). The strength-of-weak-ties perspective on creativity: A comprehensive examination and extension. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 592-601. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018761

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018761

Baumeister, R. F. (2012). Need-to-belong theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 121-140). Sage Publications Ltd. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249222.n32

https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249222.n32

Bedi, A. (2021). No herd for black sheep: A meta-analytic review of the predictors and outcomes of workplace ostracism. Applied Psychology, 70(2), 861-904. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12238

https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12238

Björkqvist, K., Österman, K., & Lagerspetz, K. M. J. (1994). Sex differences in covert aggression among adults. Aggressive Behavior, 20(1), 27-33. https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:1<27::AID-AB2480200105>3.0.CO;2-Q

https://doi.org/10.1002/1098-2337(1994)20:1<27::AID-AB2480200105>3.0.CO;2-Q

Boles, T. L., & Messick, D. M. (1995). A reverse outcome bias: The influence of multiple reference points on the evaluation of outcomes and decisions. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 61(3), 262-275. https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1995.1021

https://doi.org/10.1006/obhd.1995.1021

Brown, D. J., Ferris, D. L., Heller, D., & Keeping, L. M. (2007). Antecedents and consequences of the frequency of upward and downward social comparisons at work. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 102(1), 59-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.10.003

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2006.10.003

Campbell, E. M., Chuang, A., Liao, H., Zhou, J., & Dong, Y. (2017). Hot shots and cool reception? An expanded view of social consequences for high performers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(5), 845-866. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000183

https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000183

Catriana, E. (2021, March 12). Inovasi dan Adopsi Teknologi Jadi Kunci Ekspansi Pertumbuhan Sektor Jasa. Kompas.Com. https://money.kompas.com/read/2021/12/03/073000326/inovasi-dan-adopsi-teknologi-jadi-kunci-ekspansi-pertumbuhan-sektor-jasa-?page=all

Chen, A. S. Y., & Hou, Y. H. (2016). The effects of ethical leadership, voice behavior and climates for innovation on creativity: A moderated mediation examination. Leadership Quarterly, 27(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2015.10.007

Choi, J., Anderson, T., & Veilette, A. (2009). Contextual inhibitors of employee creativity in organizations. Group & Organization Management, 34, 330-357. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108329811

https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601108329811

Duffy, M. K., Ganster, D. C., & Pagon, M. (2002). Anti-performance behavior. Academy of Management Journal, 45(2), 331-352.

https://doi.org/10.2307/3069350

Duffy, M. K., Scott, K. L., Shaw, J. D., Tepper, B. J., & Aquino, K. (2012). A Social context model of envy and social undermining. Academy of Management Journal, 55(3), 643-666. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0804

https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.0804

Eisenberger, N. I., Lieberman, M. D., & Williams, K. D. (2003). Does rejection hurt? An fMRI study of social exclusion. Science, 302(5643), 290-292. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134

https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1089134

Feather, N. T. (2008). Perceived legitimacy of a promotion decision in relation to deservingness, entitlement, and resentment in the context of affirmative action and performance. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 38(5), 1230-1254. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00346.x

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00346.x

Ferris, D. L., Brown, D. J., Berry, J. W., & Lian, H. (2008). The development and validation of the workplace ostracism scale. Journal of Applied Psychology, 93(6), 1348-1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012743

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0012743

Ferris, D. L., Chen, M., & Lim, S. (2017). Comparing and contrasting workplace ostracism and incivility. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 4(1), 315-338. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113223

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032516-113223

Ferris, D. L., Lian, H., Brown, D. J., & Morrison, R. (2015). Ostracism, self-esteem, and job performance: When do we self-verify and when do we self-enhance? Academy of Management Journal, 58(1), 279-297. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0347

https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2011.0347

Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations, 7(2), 117-140.

https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202

Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312

https://doi.org/10.2307/3151312

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2010). Multivariate data analysis (Vol. 6). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. (2006). Multivariate data analysis. Upper Saddle River, N.J: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (2nd Edition). Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Hermawan, M. S., & Loo, M. K. (2019). The construction of kekeluargaan as an Indonesia's organizational culture. Jurnal Humaniora, 31(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.v31i1.42851

https://doi.org/10.22146/jh.v31i1.42851

Hirst, G., Van Knippenberg, D., Zhou, J., Quintane, E., & Zhu, C. (2015). Heard it through the grapevine: Indirect networks and employee creativity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 100(2), 567-574. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038333

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038333

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of Resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American Psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

Hofstede Insights (2021). Indonesia. https://www.hofstede-insights.com/country/indonesia/

Howard, M. C., & Cogswell, J. E. (2020). The antecedents and outcomes of workplace ostracism: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(6), 577-596. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000453

https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000453

Howard, M. C., Cogswell, J. E., & Smith, M. B. (2020). The antecedents and outcomes of workplace ostracism: A meta-analysis. The Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(6), 577-596. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000453

https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000453

Kim, E., & Glomb, T. M. (2014). Victimization of high performers: The roles of envy and work group identification. Journal of Applied Psychology, 99(4), 619-634. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035789

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0035789

Kwan, H. K., Zhang, X., Liu, J., & Lee, C. (2018). Workplace ostracism and employee creativity: An integrative approach incorporating pragmatic and engagement roles. Journal of Applied Psychology, 103(12), 1358-1366. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000320

https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000320

Lam, C. K., Van der Vegt, G. S., Walter, F., & Huang, X. (2011). Harming high performers: A social comparison perspective on interpersonal harming in work teams. Journal of Applied Psychology, 96(3), 588-601. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021882

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021882

Leung, A. S. M., Wu, L. Z., Chen, Y. Y., & Young, M. N. (2011). The impact of workplace ostracism in service organizations. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 30(4), 836-844. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.01.004

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2011.01.004

Li, H., Li, F., & Chen, T. (2018). A motivational-cognitive model of creativity and the role of autonomy. Journal of Business Research, 92(July), 179-188. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.025

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.025

Li, M., Xu, X., & Kwan, H. K. (2021). Consequences of workplace ostracism: A meta-analytic review. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(August). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641302

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.641302

Li, M., Xu, X., & Kwan, H. K. (2023). The antecedents and consequences of workplace envy: A meta-analytic review. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 40, 1-35 https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09772-y

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-021-09772-y

Liu, D., Wang, S., & Wayne, S. J. (2015). Is being a good learner enough? An examination of the interplay between learning goal orientation and impression management tactics on creativity. Personnel Psychology, 68(1), 109-142. https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12064

https://doi.org/10.1111/peps.12064

Mao, Y., He, J., & Yang, D. (2021). The dark sides of engaging in creative processes: Coworker envy, workplace ostracism , and incivility. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 38, 1261-1281.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-020-09707-z

Menon, T., & Thompson, L. (2010). Envy at work. Harvard Business Review, 88(4), 74-79.

O'Reilly, J., Robinson, S. L., Berdahl, J. L., & Banki, S. (2015). Is negative attention better than no attention? The comparative effects of ostracism and harassment at work. Organization Science, 26(3), 774-793. https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0900

https://doi.org/10.1287/orsc.2014.0900

Oldham, G. R., & Cummings, A. (1996). Employee creativity: Personal and contextual factors at work. Academy of Management Journal, 39(3), 607-634. https://doi.org/10.2307/256657

https://doi.org/10.2307/256657

Parrott, W. G., & Smith, R. H. (1993). Distinguishing the experiences of envy and jealousy. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 64(6), 906-920. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906

https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.64.6.906

Perry-Smith, J. E. (2006). Social yet creative: The role of social relationships in facilitating individual creativity. Academy of Management Journal, 49, 85-101.

https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2006.20785503

Perry-Smith, J. E., & Shalley, C. E. (2003). The social side of creativity: An examination of a social network perspective. Academy of Management Review, 28(1), 89-106.

https://doi.org/10.2307/30040691

Pyszczynski, T., Solomon, S., & Greenberg, J. (1999). A dual-process model of defense against conscious and unconscious death-related thoughts: An extension of terror management theory. Psychological Review, 106(4), 835-845. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.835

https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.106.4.835

Riva, P., Wirth, J. H., & Williams, K. D. (2011). The consequences of pain: The social and physical pain overlap on psychological responses. European Journal of Social Psychology, 41(6), 681-687. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.837

https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.837

Robinson, S. L., O'Reilly, J., & Wang, W. (2013). Invisible at work: An integrated model of workplace ostracism. Journal of Management, 39(1), 203-231. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312466141

https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206312466141

Schneider, B. (1987). The people make the place. Personnel Psychology, 40(3), 437-453. https://doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199305000-00001

https://doi.org/10.1097/00006247-199305000-00001

Scott, K. L., & Duffy, M. K. (2015). Antecedents of workplace ostracism: New directions in research and intervention. In P. L. Perrewé, J. R. B. Halbesleben, & C. C. Rosen (Eds.), Mistreatment in organizations (pp. 137-165). Emerald Group Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-355520150000013005

https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-355520150000013005

Shalley, C. E., Zhou, J., & Oldham, G. R. (2004). The effects of personal and contextual characteristics on creativity: Where should we go from here? Journal of Management, 30(6), 933-958. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.007

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jm.2004.06.007

Shalley, C., Gilson, L., & Blum, T. (2009). Interactive effects of growth need strength, work context, and job complexity on self-reported creative performance. Academy of Management Journal, 52(3), 489-505. https://doi.org/10.5465/AMJ.2009.41330806

https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2009.41330806

Sholihin, M., Pike, R., Mangena, M., & Li, J. (2011). Goal-setting participation and goal commitment: Examining the mediating roles of procedural fairness and interpersonal trust in a UK financial services organisation. British Accounting Review, 43(2), 135-146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2011.02.003

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bar.2011.02.003

Smith, R. H., & Kim, S. H. (2007). Comprehending envy. Psychological Bulletin, 133(1), 46-64. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.46

https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.133.1.46

Soda, G., Stea, D., & Pedersen, T. (2019). Network structure, collaborative context, and individual creativity. Journal of Management, 45(4), 1739-1765. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317724509

https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206317724509

Sunaryo, L. (2010). The role of culture in prescribing beliefs and practices for achieving success; Chinese Versus Javanese Managers In Indonesia. Integritas Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 3(2), 117-144.

Tang, Y., Huang, X., & Wang, Y. (2017). Good marriage at home, creativity at work: Family-work enrichment effect on workplace creativity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 38(5), 749-766. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2175

https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2175

Thompson, E. R., & Phua, F. T. T. (2012). A brief index of affective job satisfaction. Group and Organization Management, 37(3), 275-307. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111434201

https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601111434201

Tu, M., Cheng, Z., & Liu, W. (2019). Spotlight on the effect of workplace ostracism on creativity: A social cognitive perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(MAY), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01215

https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01215

van Osch, Y., Zeelenberg, M., & Breugelmans, S. M. (2018). The self and others in the experience of pride. Cognition and Emotion, 32(2), 404-413. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1290586

https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2017.1290586

Vecchio, R. (2005). Explorations in employee envy: Feeling envious and feeling envied. Cognition and Emotion, 19(1), 69-81.

https://doi.org/10.1080/02699930441000148

Weiss, H. M., & Cropanzano, R. (1996). Affective events theory: A theoretical discussion of the structure, cause and consequences of affective experiences at work. Research in Organizational Behavior, 18, 1-74. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-0971(81)80003-4

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0007-0971(81)80003-4

Williams, K. D. (1997). Social ostracism. In R. M. Kowalski (Ed.), Aversive interpersonal behaviors (pp. 133-170). Plenum Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9354-3_7.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9354-3_7

Williams, K. D. (2001). Ostracism: The power of silence. New York: Guilford Press.

Williams, K. D. (2007). Ostracism. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 425-452. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641

https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085641

Williams, K. D. (2009). Ostracism: A temporal need-threat model. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 41, pp. 275-314). Elsevier Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00406-1

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)00406-1

Wu, L. Z., Ferris, D. L., Kwan, H. K., Chiang, F., Snape, E., & Liang, L. H. (2015). Breaking (or making) the silence: How goal interdependence and social skill predict being ostracized. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 131, 51-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.08.001

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2015.08.001

Zhang, X., & Bartol, K. (2010). Linking empowering leadership and employee creativity: The influence of psychological empowerment, intrinsic motivation, and creative process engagement. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1), 107-128. https://doi.org/10.1108/dlo.2010.08124ead.007

https://doi.org/10.1108/dlo.2010.08124ead.007

Zhou, J., & George, J. M. (2001). When job dissatisfaction leads to creativity: Encouraging the expression of voice. Academy of Management Journal, 44(4), 682-696. https://doi.org/10.2307/3069410

https://doi.org/10.2307/3069410

Zhou, J., Shin, S. J., Brass, D. J., Choi, J., & Zhang, Z. X. (2009). Social networks, personal values, and creativity: Evidence for curvilinear and interaction effects. Journal of Applied Psychology, 94(6), 1544-1552. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016285

https://doi.org/10.1037/a0016285

Zhu, H., Lyu, Y., Deng, X., & Ye, Y. (2017). Workplace ostracism and proactive customer service performance: A conservation of resources perspective. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 64, 62-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.04.004

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.04.004

Zhu, Y. Q., Gardner, D. G., & Chen, H. G. (2018). Relationships between work team climate, individual motivation, and creativity. Journal of Management, 44(5), 2094-2115. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316638161

https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316638161

Downloads

Published

2023-04-07

How to Cite

Joko Suyono, Risgiyanti, Lilik Wahyudi, & Adnan Effendi. (2023). HOW PERCEIVED WORKPLACE OSTRACISM HINDERS CREATIVITY: COWORKER ENVY AS A TRIGGER. International Journal of Business and Society, 24(1), 202–218. https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.5612.2023