Revealing the Behavior Intention of Tech-Savvy Generation Z to Use Electronic Wallet Usage: A Theory of Planned Behavior Based Measurement
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/ijbs.3171.2021Keywords:
E-wallet, online transaction, In-store transaction, TPB, Behavior IntentionAbstract
Tech-savvy Generation Z will dominate the global population. Thus, in order to stay competitive, it is essential for a business that targets this demographic to understand this generation’s characteristics. The present research measured the behavioral nature of Generation Z in using the electronic wallet (e-wallet). Specifically, the present research highlighted online and in-store transactions. The measurement in this research was done by using the famous Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model. A multivariate analysis with Structural Equation Model (SEM) was conducted, and six hypotheses were proposed. A questionnaire was used as the instrument development to gather the data needed for the purpose of this study; 155 respondents participated. The result showed that the TPB model was appropriate in revealing the Generation Z intention on e-wallet’s usage. Statistical findings and practical perspectives were also discussed in this paper. E-wallet providers can use the result derived from this study to develops their marketing strategies.
References
Aboelmaged, M., & Gebba, T. R. (2013). Mobile banking adoption: an examination of technology acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. International Journal of Business Research and Development, 2(1).
Adam, A. M. (2020). Sample size determination in survey research. Journal of Scientific Research and Reports, 90-97.
Ajzen, I. (1991). The theory of planned behavior. Organizational behavior and human decision processes, 50(2), 179-211.
Amoroso, D. L., & Ogawa, M. (2013). Comparing mobile and Internet adoption factors of loyalty and satisfaction with online shopping consumers. International Journal of E-Business Research (IJEBR), 9(2), 24-45.
Bacon, D. R., Sauer, P. L., & Young, M. (1995). Composite reliability in structural equations modeling. Educational and psychological measurement, 55(3), 394-406.
Bae, I.-H., & Zamrudi, M. F. Y. (2018). Challenge of Social Media Marketing & Effective Strategies to Engage More Customers: Selected Retailer Case Study. International Journal of Business & Society, 19(3).
Balaji, K., & Balaji, K. (2017). A study on demonetization and its impact on cashless transactions. International Journal of Advanced Scientific Research & Development, 4(3), 58-64.
Berkup, S. B. (2014). Working with generations X and Y in generation Z period: Management of different generations in business life. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(19), 218.
Bhatiasevi, V. (2016). An extended UTAUT model to explain the adoption of mobile banking. Information Development, 32(4), 799-814.
Chakraborty, R., Lee, J., Bagchi-Sen, S., Upadhyaya, S., & Rao, H. R. (2016). Online shopping intention in the context of data breach in online retail stores: An examination of older and younger adults. Decision Support Systems, 83, 47-56.
Chern, Y. X., Kong, S. Y., Lee, V. A., Lim, S. Y., & Ong, C. P. (2018). Moving into cashless society: factors affecting adoption of e-wallet. UTAR.
Cheung, M. F., & To, W.-M. (2017). The influence of the propensity to trust on mobile users' attitudes toward in-app advertisements: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Computers in Human Behavior, 76, 102-111.
Dalimunte, I., Miraja, B. A., Persada, S. F., Prasetyo, Y. T., Belgiawan, P. F., & Redi, A. P. (2019). Comparing Generation Z’s Behavior Intention in Using Digital Wallet for Online and In-store Transaction: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology 2 Approach. Editorial Board, 660.
Deloitte Indonesia. (2019). Millennials in Industry 4.0: A Gift or a Threat to Indonesian Human Resources? Retrieved from https://www2.deloitte.com/content/dam/Deloitte/id/ Documents/about-deloitte/id-about-dip-edition-1-chapter-2-en-sep2019.pdf
Dewanti, P., & Indrajit, R. E. (2018). The effect of XYZ generation characteristics to e-commerce C-to-C: A review. IKRA-ITH INFORMATIKA: Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika, 2(2), 56-60.
Doan, N. (2014). Consumer adoption in mobile wallet: a study of consumers in Finland.
Gao, S., Mokhtarian, P. L., & Johnston, R. A. (2008). Nonnormality of data in structural equation models. Transportation Research Record, 2082(1), 116-124.
Gupta, A., Dogra, N., & George, B. (2018). What determines tourist adoption of smartphone apps? An analysis based on the UTAUT-2 framework. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 9(1), 50-64.
Hair, J. F. (2006). Multivariate data analysis: Pearson Education India.
Hooper, D., Coughlan, J., & Mullen, M. (2008). Structural equation modelling: Guidelines for determining model fit. Articles, 2.
Hsieh, C. t. (2001). E‐commerce payment systems: critical issues and management strategies. Human Systems Management, 20(2), 131-138.
J.P.Morgan. (2019). E-commerce Payments Trends: Indonesia. Retrieved from https://www. jpmorgan.com/merchant-services/insights/reports/indonesia
Kengatharan, N. (2020). Home Is Where the Heart Is: Factors Determining Family Demand and Its Implications for Hrm Practices. International Journal of Business and Society, 21(1), 153-167.
Lee, C. M. (2009). Factors influencing the adoption of internet banking: An integration of TAM and TPB with perceived risk and perceived benefit. Electronic Commerce research and applications, 130-141.
Liao, C., Chen, J.-L., & Yen, D. C. (2007). Theory of planning behavior (TPB) and customer satisfaction in the continued use of e-service: An integrated model. Computers in Human Behavior, 23(6), 2804-2822.
Lingga, M. A. (2019). Ada 37 Uang Elektronik yang Ada di Indonesia, Apa Saja? Retrieved from https://money.kompas.com/read/2019/03/23/063000326/ada-37-uang-elektronik-yang-ada-di-indonesia-apa-saja
Lu, L. (2018). Decoding Alipay: mobile payments, a cashless society and regulatory challenges. Butterworths Journal of International Banking and Financial Law, 40-43.
Mathieson, K. (1991). Predicting user intentions: comparing the technology acceptance model with the theory of planned behavior. Information systems research, 2(3), 173-191.
Nasri, W., & Charfeddine, L. (2012). Factors affecting the adoption of Internet banking in Tunisia: An integration theory of acceptance model and theory of planned behavior. The Journal of High Technology Management Research, 23(1), 1-14.
Oyelami, L. O., Adebiyi, S. O., & Adekunle, B. S. (2020). Electronic payment adoption and consumers’ spending growth: empirical evidence from Nigeria. Future Business Journal, 6(1), 1-14.
Persada, S. F., Ivanovski, J., Miraja, B. A., Nadlifatin, R., Mufidah, I., Chin, J., & Redi, A. A. N. P. (2020). Investigating Generation Z’Intention to Use Learners’ Generated Content for Learning Activity: A Theory of Planned Behavior Approach. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(04), 179-194.
Persada, S. F., Miraja, B. A., & Nadlifatin, R. (2019). Understanding the Generation Z Behavior on D-Learning: A Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) Approach. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning, 14(5).
Qin, Z., Sun, J., Wahaballa, A., Zheng, W., Xiong, H., & Qin, Z. (2017). A secure and privacy-preserving mobile wallet with outsourced verification in cloud computing. Computer Standards & Interfaces, 54, 55-60.
Rathore, H. S. (2016). Adoption of digital wallet by consumers. BVIMSR’s Journal of Management Research, 8(1), 69.
Sharma, M., & Sharma, S. K. (2019). Theoretical Framework for Digital Payments in Rural India: Integrating UTAUT and Empowerment Theory. Paper presented at the International Working Conference on Transfer and Diffusion of IT.
Shin, D.-H. (2009). Towards an understanding of the consumer acceptance of mobile wallet. Computers in Human Behavior, 25(6), 1343-1354.
Singh, M., & Matsui, Y. (2018). How long tail and trust affect online shopping behavior: An extension to UTAUT2 framework. Pacific Asia Journal of the Association for Information Systems, 9(4).
Sivathanu, B. (2019). Adoption of digital payment systems in the era of demonetization in India: an empirical study. Journal of Science and Technology Policy Management, 10(1), 143-171.
Skinner, H., Sarpong, D., & White, G. R. (2018). Meeting the needs of the Millennials and Generation Z: gamification in tourism through geocaching. Journal of Tourism Futures.
Slade, E. L., Williams, M. D., & Dwivedi, Y. (2013). Extending UTAUT2 To Explore Consumer Adoption Of Mobile Payments. UKAIS, 36.
Tan, E., & Lau, J. L. (2016). Behavioural intention to adopt mobile banking among the millennial generation. Young Consumers.
Timones, L. (2019). Total e-wallet size in Indonesia likely to hit $15 billion by 2020. The Asian Banker. Retrieved from http://www.theasianbanker.com/updates-and-articles/indonesia-mobile-payments-still-closely-tied-to-mobile-top-ups-and-online-purchases
Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology, 71(2), 103-113.
Uddin, M. S., & Akhi, A. Y. (2014). E-wallet system for Bangladesh an electronic payment system. International Journal of Modeling and Optimization, 4(3), 216.
Upadhayaya, A. (2012). Electronic Commerce and E-wallet. International Journal of Recent Research and Review, 1, 37-41.
Varsha, R., & Thulasiram, M. (2016). Acceptance of e-wallet services: A study of consumer behavior. International Journal of Innovative Research in Management Studies, 1(4), 2455-7188.
Yang, K., & Forney, J. C. (2013). The moderating role of consumer technology anxiety in mobile shopping adoption: differential effects of facilitating conditions and social influences. Journal of Electronic Commerce Research, 14(4), 334.
Yu, C.-Y. (2002). Evaluating cutoff criteria of model fit indices for latent variable models with binary and continuous outcomes (Vol. 30): University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.