Engagements and Encounters with Professor Rodney Needham: Retrospective Thoughts on Correspondence 1971-1997 and the Sarawak Dimension
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jbk.9409.2025Keywords:
Rodney Needham, Penan, Sarawak, hunter gatherers, structuralism, symbolic, classification, structure of human mindAbstract
Professor Rodney Needham was an outstanding scholar of the social sciences and someone who embarked ambitiously on fieldwork among the Penan in the early 1950s, when they were a remote hunting-gathering population in interior Sarawak. He also spent time with Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia and then went on to undertake a study in Sumba, eastern Indonesia. However, he gained his international reputation in social anthropology from his meticulous and exacting work in structuralism, symbolic classification and the examination and understanding of the “fundamental structures of the human mind”. He did much more, in bringing French and Dutch structuralism to an Anglophone audience and promoting the work of those he felt to be neglected in anthropological circles, and those whose work he translated and edited from Dutch, German and French, including Claude Lévi-Strauss, Robert Hertz and Hans Schǡrer. This paper records detailed and edited correspondence with Rodney Needham from 1971 to 1997, which expresses his humanity, his propriety, his willingness to guide and advise and to give his time freely. It gives expression to some of the developing thoughts and perspectives of a leading scholar of anthropology in the second half of the twentieth century. It also demonstrates his sustained interest in the Penan, Sarawak and the wider Borneo during his long career from 1950. Although he was not a member of Raymond Firth’s and Edmund Leach’s Colonial Social Science Research Council studies which comprised J.D.[Derek]Freeman (on the Iban of the Baleh region, upper Rejang), H.S. [Stephen] Morris (on the coastal Melanau of Oya and Mukah), W.R. [Bill] Geddes (on the Bidayuh/Land Dayaks of Mentu Tapuh in the Sadong region of upriver Sarawak) and Tien Ju-K’ang (on the Chinese of Kuching and its environs), Needham marked out an influential field of studies of hunting-gathering populations in Borneo. He did not publish a revised version of his Oxford DPhil thesis on the Penan, but he produced a series of papers on relative age, relationship terminologies, classification and naming systems.
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______. 1975b. Saminism, Buddhism and Folk Beliefs in Java. A Reply to Niels Mulder. Asia Quarterly 1 (1): 91-96 (and 1976, 2 [2]:188).
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______. 1976b. Conceptual and Analytical Problems in the Study of the Kindred. In The Societies of Borneo: Explorations in the Theory of Cognatic Social Structure, ed. G. N. Appell, 121
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________. 1976e. Review of Kings and Councillors: An Essay in the Comparative Anatomy of Human Society by AM Hocart, edited and with an introduction by Rodney Needham. Cultures et développement 8 (4): 735-738.
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________. 1977a. Unity, Formalism and Structure: Comments on Iban Augury and Related Problems. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 133(1): 63-87.
________. 1977b. Status, Economic Determinism and Monocausality: More on the Samin. Bijdragen tot de Taal-, Land- en Volkenkunde 133 (2/3): 350-354.
________. 1978a. Review of Structural Anthropology in the Netherlands: A Reader, edited by P.E. de Josselin de Jong. Cultures et développement 10 (4): 483-486.
________. 1978b. Introduction. In Essays on Borneo Societies, ed. Victor T. King, 1-36. Oxford: Oxford University Press for the University of Hull, Hull Monographs on South-East Asia No 7.
_______.1978c. The Mualang of Indonesian Borneo: Neglected Sources for Iban Studies. Borneo Research Bulletin 10: 57-73.
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________. 1978e. Review of Popular Uprisings in the Philippines, 1840-1940 by David R. Sturtevant. Modern Asian Studies 12 (1): 168-172.
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_________. 1981a. Review of Batek Negrito Religion: The world-view and rituals of a hunting and gathering people of Peninsular Malaysia by Kirl Endicott. Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 113 (1): 108-109.
________. 1981b. Marxist Analysis and Highland Burma: A Critical Commentary. Cultures et développement 13 (4): 675-688.
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____. 1986a. Planning for Agrarian Change: Hydro-electric Power, Resettlement and Iban Swidden Cultivators in Sarawak, East Malaysia. University of Hull: Centre for South-East Asian Studies, Occasional Paper No 11.
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________. 1988. Models and Realities: Malaysian National Planning and East Malaysian Development Problems. Modern Asian Studies 22: 263-98.
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