Identiti Kaum Penan di Sarawak Berasaskan Modifikasi Modal Semula Jadi
The Identity of the Penan Community in Sarawak Based on the Modification of Natural Capital
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jbk.9331.2025Keywords:
Kaum Penan, Identiti, Inovasi, Modal Semula jadi, Baram dan Telang UsanAbstract
Hubungan timbal balik yang terjalin secara semula jadi antara masyarakat Penan dan modal semula jadi berpaksikan kepada keperluan asas kehidupan harian yang saling melengkapi. Kecenderungan masyarakat Penan untuk memodifikasi modal semula jadi dilihat sebagai satu strategi yang diadaptasi untuk memenuhi tuntutan kelangsungan hidup mereka. Seiring dengan itu, proses modifikasi ini telah membentuk suatu identiti unik yang mencerminkan budaya dan cara hidup masyarakat Penan yang dinamik. Makalah ini bertujuan meneliti pembentukan identiti masyarakat Penan berasaskan modifikasi terhadap modal semula jadi. Kajian empirikal telah dilaksanakan melibatkan komuniti Penan di Batu Bungan, Kampung Long Lesuan, dan Kampung Long Ludin, yang terletak dalam daerah Baram dan Telang Usan, Sarawak. Data dikumpulkan melalui pendekatan kualitatif yang merangkumi temu bual mendalam dan pemerhatian turut serta di lapangan. Hasil kajian mengenal pasti kewujudan dua bentuk identiti utama dalam kalangan masyarakat Penan, iaitu (1) identiti tradisional dan (2) identiti teradaptasi. Kedua-dua bentuk identiti ini, secara kumulatif, membentuk susunan sosio-budaya masyarakat Penan kontemporari. Kajian ini mencadangkan agar pembentukan identiti tersebut dijadikan asas dalam wacana ilmiah bagi memperkukuh rujukan akademik yang berkaitan dengan komuniti peribumi. Pemeliharaan identiti masyarakat Penan dilihat sebagai aspek yang signifikan dalam usaha memperkukuh jati diri mereka, khususnya dalam konteks penyertaan yang lebih bermakna dalam masyarakat arus perdana.
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