FACTORS INFLUENCING E-COMMERCE ADOPTION AMONG MALAY WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN KUCHING SARAWAK
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jbk.614.2017Abstract
Nowadays, women entrepreneurs have become part of the important factor in the world of entrepreneurship in terms of economic development contributions and social inclusion. Moreover, the ability of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to foster innovation, experimentation, and adaptation in the business environment is crucial for countries undergoing radical transformation. 140 respondents were involved in this survey which was conducted for two weeks and the data from the questionnaires were analysed and computed by using mean score, regression and correlation. This paper aims to investigate the factors that affect the adoption of E-Commerce by Malay women entrepreneurs in Kuching Sarawak. Variables are categorized based on different E-Commerce adoption context which include technological factors, organizational factors and environmental factors with additional of benefits and barriers of E-Commerce adoption are expected to affect the adoption of ECommerce. Quantitative approach was used for this study. The findings indicate that perceived relative advantage was the most influencing factor in the adoption of E-Commerce among Malay women entrepreneurs in Kuching Sarawak. Furthermore, the finding from this study complements several prior studies. Only perceived relative advantage, cost and competitive pressure has the ability in predicting the level of E-Commerce adoption. This study also highlights that perceived benefit from adopting ECommerce by Malay women entrepreneurs to be imminent as it provides access to new markets. This study also shows that Malay women entrepreneurs in Kuching Sarawak have yet to utilize E-Commerce technologies despite having acknowledged perceiving the benefits that can be obtained by adopting ECommerce
References
Agarwal, S., & Prasad, J. (1998). A Conceptual and Operational Definition of Personal Innovativeness in the Domain of Information Technology. Information Systems Research. 9(2), 204-215.
https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.9.2.204
Alam, S. S. (2009, February). ICT Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprises:an Empirical Evidence of Service Sectors in Malaysia. International Journal of Business and Management.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v4n2p112
Alam, S. S., Ali, M. Y., & Mohd. Jani, M. F. (2011 ). AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF FACTORS AFFECTING ELECTRONIC COMMERCE ADOPTION AMONG SMEs IN MALAYSIA. Journal of Business Economics and Management, Volume 12(2), 375-399.
https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.576749
Alam, S. S., Khatibi, A., Sayyed, A. M., & Ismail, H. (2007). Factors Affecting E-commerce Adoption in the Electronic Manufacturing Companies in Malaysia. International Journal of Commerce and Management, 17 (1/2), 125-139.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10569210710776503
Alamro, S., & Tarawneh, S. A. (2011). Factors Affecting E-Commerce Adoption in Jordanian SMEs. European Journal of Scientific Research, Vol.64 , pp. 497-506.
Al-Qirim, N. (2007). "The adoption of eCommerce communications and applications technologies in small businesses in New Zealand". Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, Vol. 6 No. 4, 462-473.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2007.02.012
Awa, H. O., M. Nwibere, B., & J. Inyang, B. (2010). The Uptake of Electronic Commerce by SMEs : A Meta Theoretical Framework Expanding the Determining Constructs of TAM and TOE Frameworks. Journal of Global Business and Technology, Volume 6, 1-28.
Boateng, R., Molla, A., Heeks, R., & Hinson, R. (2010). Advancing E-commerce Beyond Readiness in a Developing Economy: Experiences of Ghanaian Firms. Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations.
https://doi.org/10.4018/jeco.2011010101
C.Laudon, K., Traver, C. G., Alam, S. S., Saihani, S. B., & Mohammed Noordin, A. A. (2009). Principles of e-Commerce. PEARSON MALAYSIA SDN.BHD.
Chwelos, P., Benbasat, I., & Dexter, A. S. (2001). "Research report: empirical test of an EDI adoption model". Information Systems Research, Vol. 12 No. 3, 304-321.
https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.12.3.304.9708
Damanpour, F. (1992). Organizational Size and Innovation. Organization Studies. 13(3), 375-402.
https://doi.org/10.1177/017084069201300304
Davis, S. (1979). The Diffusion of Process Innovations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Dewan, S., & Kraemer, K. L. (2000). Information technology and productivity: Preliminary evidence from country-level data. Management Science 46(4), 548-562.
https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.46.4.548.12057
Dixon, T., Thompson, B., & McAllister, P. (2002). The value of ICT for SMEs in the UK: a critical literature review, Report for Small Business Service research programme. The College of Estate Management.
EBRD. (1994). European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, Transition Report: First Edition. London: EBRD.
Fuad, N., & Bohari, A. M. (2011, July ). Malay Women Entrepreneurs in the Small and Medium Sized ICT-Related Business: A Study on Need for Achievement. International Journal of Business and Social Science, Vol. 2 .
Garicano, L., & Kaplan, S. N. (2001). Beyond the hype: Making B2B e-commerce profi table. Capital Ideas 2.
Ghobakhloo, M., Arias-Aranda, D., & Benitez-Amado, J. (2011). Adoption of E-Commerce Applications in SMEs. Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 111 , pp. 1238-1269.
https://doi.org/10.1108/02635571111170785
Gilaninia, S. Y., Danesh, M., Amiri, S. J., Mousavian, B., & Eskandarpour. (2011). Effective Factors on Adoption of E-Commerce in SME Cooperative. Interdisciplinary Journal of Contemporary Research in Business, 3(6), 144-161.
Grandon, E. E., & Pearson, J. M. (2004). "Electronic commerce adoption: an empirical study of small and medium US businesses". Information and Management, Vol. 42 No. 1, 197-216.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2003.12.010
Grover, V., & Goslar, M. D. (1993). "The initiation, adoption, and implementation of telecommunications technologies in US organizations". Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 10 No. 1, 141-163.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1993.11517994
Hussin, H., & Noor, R. M. (2005). INNOVATING BUSINESS THROUGH E-COMMERCE: EXPLORING THE WILLINGNESS OF MALAYSIAN SMEs. The Second International Conference on Innovations in IT.
Iacovou, C. L., Benbasat, I., & Dexter, A. S. (1995). "Electronic data interchange and small organizations: adoption and impact of technology". MIS Quarterly, Vol. 19 No. 4, 465-485.
https://doi.org/10.2307/249629
Ifnedo, P. (2011). Internet/e-business technologies acceptance in Canada's SMEs. Exploratory investigation Internet Research Vol. 21 No. 3, 255-281.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10662241111139309
Jawahitha, S. (2004). Consumer Protection E-Commerce: Analysing the Statutes in Malaysia. The Journal of American Academy of Business March, 55-63.
Jeyaraj, A., Rottman, J. W., & Lacity, M. C. (2006). "A review of the predictors, linkages, and biases in IT innovation adoption research". Journal of Information Technology, Vol. 21, No. 1, 1-23.
https://doi.org/10.1057/palgrave.jit.2000056
Khairul, A. A., & Ahmad, M. (2005). Adoption of web site and e-commerce technology among Malaysian public companies. Industrial Management & Data Systems 105(9), 1172-1187.
https://doi.org/10.1108/02635570510633248
Khatibi, A., Thyagarajan, V., & Seetharaman, A. (2003). E-commerce in Malaysia: Perceived Benefit and Barriers. VIKALPA 28(3), 77-82.
https://doi.org/10.1177/0256090920030307
Kiong, L. V. (2004). Analysis of the State of E-Commerce Adoption by the SMEs in Northern Malaysia and Factors that Might Hinder its Adoption: An Empirical Study. University of South Australia, International Graduate School of Management Division of Business and Enterprise.
Laudon, K. C., Traver, C. G., Alam, S. S., Saihani, S. B., & Mohamed Noordin, A. A. (2012). Principles of e-Commerce. Malaysia: Prentice Hall.
Laudon, K., & Traver, C. (2001). E-commerce: Business, technology, society. Boston: Addison Wesley.
Lee, J. (2004). "Discriminant analysis of technology adoption behaviour: a case of internet technologies in small businesses". Journal of Computer Information Systems, Vol. 44 No. 4, 57-66.
Levenburg, N., Magal, S. R., & Kosalge, P. (2006). "An exploratory investigation oforganizational factors and e-business motivations among SMFOEs in the US". Electronic Markets, Vol. 16 No. 1, 70-84.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10196780500491402
Licker, P., & Motts, N. (2000). Extending the benefi ts of e-commerce in Africa: Exploratory phase. Proceedings of the First Annual conference of the Global IT Management Association, (pp. 115-118). Memphis, Tennessee, USA.
Lydia M. MacKenzie. (2006). Use Of The Internet as a Business Tool by Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). United States: ProQuest Information and Learning Company.
Mansfield, E. (1968). Industrial Research and Technological Innovation: An Econometric Analysis. New York: Norton.
Mohammed, J. A., Almsafir, M. K., & Alnaser, A. S. (2013). The Factors That Affects E-Commerce Adoption in Small and Medium Enterprise: A Review. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 7(10), 406-412.
Molla , A., & Licker, P. S. (2005a). E-commerce adoption in developing countries: a model and instrument. Information & Management (42), 877-899.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2004.09.002
Molla, A., & Licker, P. S. (2005b). Perceived E-Readiness factors in E-Commerce adoption: an empirical investigation in a developing country. International Journal of Electronic Commerce 10(1), 83-110.
https://doi.org/10.1080/10864415.2005.11043963
Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development. (2000). "Enhancing the Competitiveness of SMEs in the Global Economy: Strategies and Policies,". Statistical Papers for the Bologna Conference.
Panie, R., Kamarudin, N. L., & Ali, E. A. (2012). Women Entrepreneurs : The Hardships Unveil. Asean Entrepreneurship Conference (AEC 2012). Malaysia: Asean Entrepreneurship Journal.
Premkumar, G., & Roberts, M. (1999). "Adoption of new information technologies in rural small businesses". Omega: The International Journal of Management Science, Vol. 27 No. 4, 467-484.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0483(98)00071-1
Ramdani, B., Chevers, D., & Williams, D. A. (2013). SMEs' adoption of enterprise applications. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, Vol. 20, pp. 735-753.
https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-12-2011-0035
Raymond, L. (2001). "Determinants of website implementation in small businesses". Internet Research, Vol. 11 No. 5, 411-422.
https://doi.org/10.1108/10662240110410363
Scupola, A. (2009). "SMEs' e-commerce adoption: perspectives from Denmark and Australia". Journal of Enterprise Information Management Vol. 22 No. ½.
https://doi.org/10.1108/17410390910932803
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2010). Research Methods for Business (Fifth Edition ed.). United Kingdom: John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Seyal, A. H., & Rahman, M. N. (2003). A preliminary investigation of electronic commerce adoption in small and medium enterprises. Brunei Journal of Global Information Technology Management, 6(2), 6-26.
https://doi.org/10.1080/1097198X.2003.10856347
Shah, A. S., Ali, M. Y., & Mohd Jani, M. F. (2011). An empirical study of factors affecting electronic commerce adoption among SMEs in Malaysia. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 12(2), 375-399.
https://doi.org/10.3846/16111699.2011.576749
Sin, T. K. (2009). An Empirical Study of Internet-Based ICT Adoption among SMEs In Southern Malaysia. Malaysia: UMI Dissertation Publishing.
Sin, T. K. (2009). An Empirical Study of Internet-Based ICT Adoption Among SMEs in Southern Malaysia. Multimedia University Malaysia, Faculty of Business and Law. Malaysia: UMI Dissertation Publishing.
Spanos, Y. E., Prastacos, G. P., & Poulymenakou, A. (2002). The relationship between information and communication technologies adoption and management. Information & Management (39), 659-675.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7206(01)00141-0
Teo, T. L. (2004). Factors affecting E-Commerce Adoption by SMEs: A Meta Analysis. Proceedings of the Australasian Conference on Information Systems. Tasmania: Australia.
Thong, J. (1999). "An integrated model of information systems adoption in small businesses" . Journal of Management Information Systems, Vol. 15 No. 4, 187-214.
https://doi.org/10.1080/07421222.1999.11518227
Tornatzky, L. G., & Klein, K. J. (1982). Innovation characteristics and innovation adoption implementation: a meta-analysis of findings. IEEE Transactions of Engineering Management, 29, 28-45.
https://doi.org/10.1109/TEM.1982.6447463
Tornatzky, L., & Fleischer, M. (1990). The Process of Technology Innovation. Lexington, M. A.: Lexington Books.
Troye, W. A. (1998). What is Electronic Commerce? Electronic Commerce, EU Policies and SME's. Retrieved November 6, 2016, from WWW.ispo.cec.be/E-commerce/poicies.htm.
UPUB. (n.d). Unit Pembangunan Usahawan Bumiputera Jabatan Ketua Menteri. Retrieved November 6, 2016, from Unit Pembangunan Usahawan Bumiputera: www.upub.sarawak.gov.my
Wang, J. C., & Tsai, K. H. (2002). Factors in Taiwanese Firms' Decisions to Adopt Electronic Commerce: An Empirical Study. Cowley Road, Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9701.00486
Welter, F., Smallbone, Isakova, D. N., Aculai, E., & Schakirova, N. (2004). "Women Entrepreneurs in the Ukraine, Republic of Moldova and Uzbekistan: Results of a Comparative Study" in UNECE, eds. Access to Financing and ICT: Women Entrepreneurs in the ECE Region. Geneva: United Nations.
Yap, C. S. (1990). "Distinguishing characteristics of organizations using computers". Information and Management, Vol. 18 No. 2, 97-107.
https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-7206(90)90056-N
Yap, J., & Tuah, Y. (2013, March 10). Women at the forefront. Borneo Post Online. Sarawak, Malaysia. Retrieved from Women at the forefront.
Zhu, K., Kraemer, K., & Xu, S. (2003). Electronic Business Adoption by European Firms: A Cross-Country Assessment of the Facilitators and Inhibitors. European Journal of Information Systems, 12, 251-268.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
-
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
