Imbuhan Kata Kerja Bahasa Iban dalam Laras Formal
Iban Verbal Affixes in Formal Register
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jbk.10961.2025Keywords:
Kata kerja, bahasa Iban, laras berita, pengimbuhan, laras formalAbstract
Bahasa Iban sudah lama bertapak sebagai bahasa tulisan, namun penerbitan yang meneliti penggunaanya dalam laras formal masih kurang diusahakan. Justeru, kajian ini meneliti imbuhan kata kerja dalam laras formal dan membuat perbandingan imbuhan kata kerja bahasa Iban dengan bahasa Melayu. Kajian ini menerapkan kerangka Nahu Sistem (Asmah, 2009) dalam analisis data, serta memanfaatkan data dari akhbar Suara Sarawak. Keseluruhan data kajian ialah sebanyak 120 kolum (24000 patah perkataan). Imbuhan kata kerja dalam bahasa Iban yang ditemui ialah seperti berikut: Awalan (be-di-, dike-, te-,N-); Apitan (be-ka, di-ka, dipe-ka, te-ka, N-ka); Akhiran (-ka). Kesemua imbuhan ini sangat produktif dalam menerbitkan pelbagai jenis kata kerja. Meskipun sesetengah imbuhan ini diserap terus ke dalam bahasa Iban melalui proses peminjaman kata, namun telah diperluaskan gabungannya dengan kosa kata jati bahasa Iban. Kemunculan imbuhan kompleks merupakan perkembangan baru bersesuaian dengan gaya penulisan formal. Proses penggantian konsonan berhomorgan di posisi awal kata dasar turut produktif, dan ia merupakan ciri khusus bahasa Iban. Meskipun kajian ini hanya meneliti kata kerja, namun serba sedikit ia telah memperlihatkan pengaruh bahasa Melayu terhadap perkembangan laras formal dalam bahasa Iban serta transformasinya dari bahasa lisan ke bahasa tulisan.
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