A Study on the Relationship between Climate Change and Peak Discharge in Sarawak River Basin
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/jcest.123.2013Abstract
These Earth's climate is getting warmer, and the signs are everywhere. Abnormal river discharge is one of the impacts that can be found in local scale. This endangering condition leads to the necessary attention on river basin in Sarawak, Malaysia and hence gives birth to this study. The objective of this study is to examine the existence of climate change on Sungai Sarawak River Basin through a hydrologic analysis of river discharge of three water level stations: Station Rayu, Station Git and Station Buan Bidi. The methods applied are mass-curve coupled with Gumbel’s graphical statistical method and annual hydrograph. Mass curve plotted shows the deviation of cumulative peak discharge from its original trend with Stations Rayu, Git and Buan Bidi started straying since years 1998, 2001 and 2004 respectively. After breakpoint, Gumbel’s graphical statistical method for chance percent evaluation clearly implies the chance percent for all (exception for Station Buan Bidi) discharges has decreased throughout the years. Whereas Gumbel’s graphical statistical method for return period evaluation suggested an extension of return period after the transition year (exception for Station Rayu). Two graphical methods pointed to the same direction – rate of decline shifting is greater for high flow as compared to low flow. Broadly speaking, precipitation has not much effect on the discharge variation according to annual hydrographs plotted. However, an obvious decrease in monthly average discharge throughout 18 years was found after change at Station Rayu. This support the climate change fact of “dry getting drier”. Water shrinkage in Sarawak River Basin is expected to be experienced frequently in the future.
References
Hashim, H.Z., 2010. National Seminar On Meteorology: "Enhancing Weather And Climate Services". Development of Atmospheric Based Flood Forecasting and Warning System for Selected River Basins in Malaysia. Water Resources. Management and Hydrology & Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia. 9 November 2010, Kuala Lumpur.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Sarawak. Sarawak Major River Basin. Available at: http://www.did.sarawak.gov.my/modules/web/page.php?id=315&menu_id=0&sub_id=314
EPA United States Environmental Protection Agency, 2012. Climate Change Indicators in the United States 2nd Edition.
Hegerl, G.C., Zwiers, F.W., Braconnot, P., Gillett, N.P., Luo, Y., Marengo Orsini, J.A., Nicholls, N., Penner, J.E., and Stott, P.A., 2007: Understanding and Attributing Climate Change. In: Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Solomon, S., Qin, D.,Manning, M., Chen, Z., Marquis, M., Averyt, K.B., Tignor, M., and Miller, H.L.,(eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.
Gaeumana, D., Schmidtb, J.C., and Wilcock, P.R., 2004. Complex Channel Responses to Changes in Stream Flow and Sediment Supply on the Lower Duchesne River, Utah. Science Direct: Geomorphology 64 (2005) 185 - 206.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2004.06.007
Jones, J.A., Creed, I.F., Hatcher, K.L., Warren, R.J., Adams, M.B., Benson, M.H., Boose, E., Brown, W.A., Campbell, J.L., Covich, A., Clow, D.W., Dahm, C.N., Elder, K.,Ford, C.R., Grimm, N.B., Henshaw, D.L., Larson, K.L., Miles, E.S., Miles, K.M., Sebestyen, S.D., Spargo, A.D., Stone, A.B., Vose, J.M., and Williams, M.W., 2012. Ecosystem Processes and Human Influences Regulate Streamflow Response to Climate Change at Long-Term Ecological Research Sites. American Institute of Biological Sciences
https://doi.org/10.1525/bio.2012.62.4.10
Chow, V.T., Maidment, D.R., and Mays, L.W., 1988. Applied Hydrology. Singapore: McGraw-Hill.
Al-Mashidani, G., Pande, B.B.LAL and Mujda, M.F., 1978. A Simple Version of Gumbel's Method for Flood Estimation. Hydrological Sciences-Bulletin-des Sciences Hydrologiques, 23, 3, 9/1978. Mosul, Iraq: University of Mosul.
https://doi.org/10.1080/02626667809491810
Hii, C.P., Putuhena, F.J. and Said, S., 2006. Proceedings of Conference on Natural Resources in the Tropics: Development and Commercialization of Tropical Natural Resources, Kuching: The benefit of River Basin Development Approach in Land Use Planning and Management: A review of Kuching City and Its Surrounding Areas Development.
Said, S., Putuhena, F.J., Mah, Y.S., and Lai, S.H., 2008. Proceedings of EnCon2008 2nd Engineering Conference on Sustainable Engineering Infrastructures Development & Management, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia: Modeling of a Hydraulic Structure: Batu Kitang Submersible Weir in Kuching, Sarawak.
Yusuff, M.T.M., O.H. Ahmed and N.M.A. Majid, 2009. Effect of Enhancing Urea- Humic Acid Mixture with Refined Acid Sulphate Soil. Am. J. Applied Sci., 6: 1892-1896.
https://doi.org/10.3844/ajassp.2009.1892.1896
US Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), 1990. Engineering and Design - Design of Sheet Pile Cellular Structures Cofferdams and Retaining Structure.
Urban Stormwater Management Manual, 2000. Part A: Introduction: Malaysian Perspective. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Malaysia (DID).
Hii, C. P., Putuhena, F.J., Said, S., 2009. International Journal of Hydro-Climatic Engineering, Assoc. Water and Enviro-Modeling: Adaptive Logical Framework for Integrated Flood Management along Sarawak River Centre of Water Research. pp 17 - 36. eISSN : 99990001.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage (DID), Sarawak. Sg. Sarawak River Basin. Available at: http://www.did.sarawak.gov.my/rbis/map-html/basin-map.html
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Upon acceptance of an article, the corresponding author on behalf of all authors will be asked to complete and upload the Copyright Transfer Form (refer to Copyright Issues for more information on this) alongside the electronic proof file.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and refer the publication in the Journal.
2) For open-access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds the copyright or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subjected to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) are responsible to ensure their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. The corresponding author has obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If the submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare that the researches which they have conducted comply with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving humans or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from the Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that they have no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor(s) or UNIMAS Publisher.
