Exploring Mandala – Art as a Form of Therapy

  • Nur Haziyah Amni Raimaini UNIMAS
  • Ross Azura Zahit
Keywords: anxiety, art as therapy, DASS-21, depression, Mandala, stress

Abstract

The declining trend of mental wellbeing among university students is at a concerning rate. Finding ways to curb the issue before it becomes out of hand is the main objective of this study as it assesses the effectiveness of using mandala art as a therapeutic method in lowering the symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress among the students. Art has been around for thousands of years, and this study tested the claim specifically on mandala art of its effectiveness as the recently emerged method in the field of psychotherapy. This study applied quantitative research through a quasi-experimental method. 72 participants from University Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS) were gathered to join the experiment and the participants were administered the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) before and after Mandala colouring activity. The effectiveness was measured in terms of the pre and post scores of DASS-21 through Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test using the SPSS v26.0. Results of the research showed a significant difference between the median of the pre-test scores and post-test scores (p<0.005). The findings of this research supported the hypothesis that involving oneself in therapeutic art activity can lower the register of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms. 

References

Altemus, M., Sarvaiya, N., & Neill Epperson, C. (2014). Sex differences in anxiety and Depression Clinical Perspectives. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology, 35(3), 320–330. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2014.05.004

Apriyana, R., Widianti, E., & Muliani, R. (2020). The influence of mandala pattern coloring therapy toward academic stress level on first grade students at Nursing Undergraduate Study Program. NurseLine Journal, 5(1), 186. https://doi.org/10.19184/nlj.v5i1.13556

Babouchkina, A., & Robbins, S. J. (2015). Reducing negative mood through mandala creation: A randomized controlled trial. Art Therapy, 32(1), 34–39. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2015.994428

Bobby, J. (2022, August 15). Mental health benefits of coloring. Mayo Clinic Health System. https://www.mayoclinichealthsystem.org/hometown-health/speaking-of-health/coloring-is-good-for-your-health#:~:text=Relieving%20stress,feelings%20of%20depression%20and%20anxiety.

Curry, N. A., & Kasser, T. (2005). Can coloring mandalas reduce anxiety? Art Therapy, 22(2), 81–85. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2005.10129441

Gürcan, M., & Atay Turan, S. (2021). The effectiveness of mandala drawing in reducing psychological symptoms, anxiety and depression in hospitalised adolescents with cancer: A randomised controlled trial. European Journal of Cancer Care, 30(6). https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13491

Hajra, B., & Saleem, T. (2021). The Use of Islamic Patterned Art Therapy: Healing of Psychological Problems Among University Students. Journal of religion and health, 60(6), 4361–4386. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-021-01240-7

Harris, A. D., McGregor, J. C., Perencevich, E. N., Furuno, J. P., Zhu, J., Peterson, D. E., & Finkelstein, J. (2006). The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 13(1), 16–23. https://doi.org/10.1197/jamia.M1749

Kimport, E. R., & Hartzell, E. (2015). Clay and anxiety reduction: A one-group, pretest/posttest design with patients on a psychiatric unit. Art Therapy, 32(4), 184–189. https://doi.org/10.1080/07421656.2015.1092802

Krejcie, R. V., & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining sample size for research activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 30(3), 607–610.

Le, M. T., Tran, T. D., Holton, S., Nguyen, H. T., Wolfe, R., & Fisher, J. (2017). Reliability, convergent validity and factor structure of the DASS-21 in a sample of Vietnamese adolescents. PLOS ONE, 12(7). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0180557

Mark, J. J. (2020, October 13). Mandala. World History Encyclopedia. https://www.worldhistory.org/mandala/

Noor, S.M., Saleem, T., Azmat, J., & Arouj, K., (2017), Mandala-coloring as a therapeutic intervention for anxiety reduction in university students. Pakistani Armed Forces Medical Journal, 67(6), 904-907.

Parkhurst, E. (2021, October 25). How Hobbies Improve Mental Health. Utah State University. https://extension.usu.edu/mentalhealth/articles/how-hobbies-improve-mental-health/

Shamsuddin, K., Fadzil, F., Ismail, W. S., Shah, S. A., Omar, K., Muhammad, N. A., Jaffar, A., Ismail, A., & Mahadevan, R. (2013). Correlates of depression, anxiety and stress among Malaysian University students. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 6(4), 318–323. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2013.01.014

Viertiö, S., Kiviruusu, O., Piirtola, M., Kaprio, J., Korhonen, T., Marttunen, M., & Suvisaari, J. (2021). Factors contributing to psychological distress in the working population, with a special reference to gender difference. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10560-y

World Health Organization. (2022, March 2). Covid-19 pandemic triggers 25% increase in prevalence of anxiety and depression worldwide. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news/item/02-03-2022-covid-19-pandemic-triggers-25-increase-in-prevalence-of-anxiety-and-depression-worldwide

Zahit, R. A., Omar Lim, S. L., & Ling, J. L. (2022). Covid-19: Mental health and academic performance among university students. Trends in Undergraduate Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.33736/tur.3861.2022
Published
2023-12-29
How to Cite
Nur Haziyah Amni Raimaini, & Zahit, R. A. (2023). Exploring Mandala – Art as a Form of Therapy. Trends in Undergraduate Research, 6(2), e1-7. https://doi.org/10.33736/tur.5986.2023
Section
Cognitive Sciences and Human Development