Code-Mixing in Sabah and Sarawak English Short Stories
Abstract
This study explored code-mixing in selected English short stories from Sabah and Sarawak. It examined the types of code-mixing found in these short stories and the basis for these code-mixing. 20 short stories were selected from two anthologies, “Chronicles of KK” and “Short Stories from Sarawak: Death of a Longhouse & Other Stories”. This study applied a qualitative research method, and the data were analysed using Musyken’s (2000) and Hoffman’s (1991) theories. Two types of code-mixing were found in the short stories which are insertion, and alternation, with insertion being the most common type found, especially lexical items from Sabah and Sarawak’s local or indigenous languages. The study discovered that the reason these code-mixing was used was to talk about a particular topic, to clarify the speech content for interlocutor, to express group identity, to repeat something for clarification and as a form of interjection.
References
Hasibuan, N. H., & Saragih, A. (2018). Code Mixing in novel: A case of indonesian literary work. Proceeding AISTEEL The First Annual, 216–220.
Hoffman, C. (1991). An Introduction to Bilingualism. New York: Longman.
Ikhsani, N. A. (2018). Code mixing in the articles of Gogirl! Magazine February, 2013 Edition. Lexicon, 1(3), 293–304. https://doi.org/10.22146/lexicon.v1i3.42087
Kuswanto, R. T., Rohmadi, M., & Supriyadi, S. (2018). Code mixing in Novel Anak Rantau by Ahmad Fuadi (Sociolinguistic Study). International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 5(5), 324. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v5i5.471
Meigasuri, Z., & Soethama, P. L. (2020). Indonesian – English Code-Mixing in Novel Touché by Windhy Puspitadewi. Humanis, 24(2), 135. https://doi.org/10.24843/jh.2020.v24.i02.p04
Larassati, D., & Suyudi, I. (2021). English-Indonesian code mixing found in the Summer Triangle Novel By Hara Hope. Journal of Language and Literature, 9(2), 118–134. https://doi.org/10.35760/jll.2021.v9i2.5278
Luke, J. Y. (2015). The use of code-mixing among Pamonanese in Parata Ndaya closed-group Facebook. Lingua Cultura, 9(1), 40. https://doi.org/10.21512/lc.v9i1.760
Martin, P. (2005). Language shift and code-mixing: A case study from Northern Borneo. Australian Journal of Linguistics, 25(1), 109-125.
Novianti, R., & Said, M. (2021). The use of code-switching and code-mixing in English teaching-learning process. DEIKSIS 13(1), 82. http://doi.org.10.30998/deiksis.v13i1.8491
Salleh, N., Ramli, R., Zakaria, N. S., & Mohamed Fiah, A. F. (2022). Code-switching among the indigenous people of Sarawak. International Journal of Law, Government and Communication, 7(29), 448–465. https://doi.org/10.35631/ijlgc.729032
Sangidu. (2005). Penelitian Sastra: Pendekatan, Teori, Metode, Teknik, dan Kiat. Yogyakarta: Yogyakarta Unit Penerbitan Sastra Asia Barat.
Saville-Troike, M. (1986). The Ethnography of Communication: Language in society. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell.
Siregar, M. A., P., A., & Hariani, S. (2018). Code-mixing and code switching in Wylvera W.’s Novel Geranium Blossom: Saat Jarak Menguji Cinta: their types and reasons. The 1st Annual International Conference on Language and Literature (AICLL), 461–472
Stephen, C. A., Osup, C. A., & Bakar, S. S. A. (2017). Faktor campur kod dalam kalangan masyarakat Iban di Sarawak. PENDETA: Journal of Malay Language, Education and Literature, 8, 108-115.
Syafaat, P. M. F., & Setiawan, T. (2019). An analysis of code mixing in Twitter. Proceedings of the International Conference on Interdisciplinary Language, Literature and Education (ICILLE 2018), 276–281. https://doi.org/10.2991/icille-18.2019.57
Torres, L. (2007). In the contact zone: code-switching strategies by Latino/a writers. MELUS, 32(1), 75-96. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/stable/30029707
Vanessa, S., Mulyawan, I. W., & Ni Ketut Alit Ida Setyaningsih, N. K. (2021). The analysis of code-switching and code-mixing in a fanfiction entitled “Crazy Rich Chenle.” Udayana Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (UJoSSH), 5(2), 101. https://doi.org/10.24843/ujossh.2021.v05.i02.p09
Yao, M. (2011). On attitudes to teachers’ code-switching in EFL classes. World Journal of English Language, 1(1), 19-28.
Yuanita, S., & Sumardi, S. (2018). Code mixing and switching in film “Critical Eleven” By Monty Tiwa and Robert Ronny. INFERENCE: Journal of English Language Teaching, 1(2), 44–47.
Copyright (c) 2023 UNIMAS Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
