Pilihan Raya Negeri Sabah Ke-16: Sokongan Terhadap Parti STAR Dan Perspektif Politik Etnik Kadazandusun
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/tur.4063.2022Keywords:
Pilihanraya Negeri Sabah Ke-16, STAR, politik etnik, KadazandusunAbstract
Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa faktor-faktor yang mendorong kepada sokongan terhadap Parti Solidariti Tanah Airku (STAR) dan pengaruh politik etnik Kadazandusun terhadap populariti STAR semasa Pilihan Raya Negeri Sabah Ke-16 (PRN16). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan primordialisme dan instrumentalis, artikel ini menjelaskan bahawa faktor politik etnik Kadazandusun memainkan peranan yang agak signifikan terhadap sokongan kepada STAR. Selain daripada faktor politik etnik, populariti STAR juga didorong oleh kepimpinan dan personaliti pemimpin, pengaruh sokongan terhadap kerajaan persekutuan di bawah Perikatan Nasional (PN), isu berkaitan pendatang tanpa izin (PTI), dan Perjanjian Malaysia (MA63). Isu-isu ini berjaya dimainkan oleh pemimpin STAR dan sedikit sebanyak membantu melemahkan sokongan masyarakat Kadazandusun terhadap Pakatan Harapan (PH) terutamanya Warisan dan UPKO (United Progressive Kinabalu Organisation/Pertubuhan Kinabalu Progresif Bersatu).
References
Astro Awani. (2020, September). PRN Sabah: Pengundi Sabah lebih menilai calon berbanding parti- Penganalisis. https://www.astroawani.com/berita-politik/prn-sabah-pengundi-sabah-lebih-menilai-calon-berbanding-parti-penganalisis-260097
Bagang, T., Puyok, A. and Mersat, N. I. (2021) “The 16th Sabah State Election: Kadazandusun Politics and the Huguan Siou Factor”, Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH), 6(10), pp. 404 - 412. https://doi.org/10.47405/mjssh.v6i10.1122
Berita Harian. (2018, April). Pemimpin pembangkang Sabah bidas Dr M. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2018/04/408410/pemimpin-pembangkang-sabah-bidas-dr-m
Berita Harian. (2020, Jun 10). Muhyiddin Perdana Menteri pragmatik. https://www.bharian.com.my/berita/nasional/2020/06/698520/muhyiddin-perdana-menteri-pragmatik
Borneo Today. (2020). MA63: Anifah, Jeffrey cakap besar tapi gagal tunai. https://www.borneotoday.net/ma63-anifah-jeffrey-cakap-besar-tapi-gagal-tunai/
Chin, J. (1994). The Sabah State election of 1994: end of Kadazan unity. Asian Survey, 34(10), 904-915. https://doi.org/10.2307/2644969
Chin, J., Puyok, A. (2010). Going Against the Tide: Sabah and the 2008 Malaysian General Election. Asian Politics and Policy, 2(2), 219-235. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1943-0787.2010.01185.x
Daily Express. (2011, September). Jeffrey’s experience of the ISA. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news.cfm?NewsID=79293
Daily Express. (2021, Mac). Sabah IC akan dilaksankan, kata Jeffrey. http://www.dailyexpress.com.my/news/167797/proposed-sabah-ic-will-be-implemented-says-jeffrey/
Free Malaysia Today. (2020). Kerusi Kadazandusun Murut jadi rebutan dalam pilihan raya Sabah, kata penganalisis. https://www.freemalaysiatoday.com/category/bahasa/2020/08/08/kerusi-kadazandusun-murut-jadi-rebutan-dalam-pilihan-raya-sabah-kata-penganalisis/
Geertz, C. (1963). The Integrative Revolution: Primordial Sentiments and Politics in the New States’. In Clifford Geertz, ed. Old Societies and New States: The Quest for Modernity in Asia and Africa. London: London Free Press, 255–310.
Harian Metro. (2020, Januari 7). PSS ibarat ‘permaidani merah’ untuk PATI- UMNO. https://www.hmetro.com.my/mutakhir/2020/01/532921/pss-ibarat-permaidani-merah-untuk-pati-umno
Harian Metro. (2020, Julai). Saya ada majoriti, tak perlu bubar DUN Sabah – Musa. https://www.hmetro.com.my/utama/2020/07/605451/saya-ada-majoriti-tak-perlu-bubar-dun-sabah-musa
Horowitz, D. (1985). Ethnic Groups in Conflict. California: University of California Press.
Hussin, H. (2007). Ritual, Identity and Changes in the West Coast of Sabah: The Experience of the Kadazan Penampang Community. JATI-Journal of Southeast Asian Studies, 12, 189-210.
Ismaily, B. (1988). Beberapa Alat Muzik Sabah. Kementerian Kebudayaan, Belia dan Sukan Negeri Sabah.
Jabatan Perangkaan Malaysia. (2017). Laporan Sosioekonomi Negeri 2017. https://www.dosm.gov.my/v1/index.php?r=column/pdfPrev&id=d21BMHxZFBIcFlCNExIYUQ1cE92Zz09
Jabatan Perangkaan Statistik Malaysia. (2019). LAPORAN SOSIOEKONOMI NEGERI SABAH. https://tsknd.sabah.gov.my/images/archive/20200902_DOSM_Laporan_Sosioekonomi_Negeri_Sabah_2019.pdf
Malaysiakini. (2020). Apa itu PSS, kenapa ia penting untuk PRK Kimanis?. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/506595
Malaysiakini. (2020). ULASAN ‘Menang PN untung, menang BN rugi’. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/544428
Malaysiakini. (2020, Julai). Musa Aman umum cukup majoriti bentuk kerajaan baru Sabah. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/536653
Malaysiakini. (2020, September). Calon bebas lawan BN, PBS di Tandek mohon sertai Star. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/543970
Osman, S. (2008). Pembangunan politik Sabah: satu penelusuran sejarah.
Posen, B. (1993). The Security Dilemma and Ethnic Conflict, Survival 35(1), 27–47. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396339308442672
Puyok, A. (2007). The dynamics of democracy: The rise of Joseph Pairin Kitingan and the formation of Parti Bersatu Sabah (PBS) in 1985, In Proceedings on Sabah: 50 Years After Independence, 289–310. Sabah: Pusat Penerbitan Universiti, Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Sabah.
Puyok, A., & Bagang, T. P. (2011). Ethnicity, Culture and Indigenous Leadership in Modern Politics: The Case of the Kadazandusun in Sabah, East Malaysia. Kajian Malaysia: Journal of Malaysian Studies, 29(1), 177-197.
Sabah Gazette. (2020, Oktober). Kenapa KDM tolak Warisan Plus? Ini jawapannya. https://www.sabahgazette.com/kenapa-kdm-tolak-warisan-plus-ini-jawapannya/
Sabah Gazette. (2020, September). STAR keluar PN jika tak diberi 15 kerusi- Jeffrey Kitingan. https://www.sabahgazette.com/star-keluar-pn-jika-tak-diberi-15-kerusi-jeffrey-kitingan/
Sinar Harian. (2020, September 25). GRS mungkin ‘gigit jari’ di 15 kerusi. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/102515/ANALISIS-SEMASA/GRS-mungkin-gigit-jari-di-15-kerusi
Sinar Harian. (2020, September). [TIDAK RASMI] PN, BN menang PRN Sabah, kini telah menang 37 kerusi. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/102769/Pilihan-Raya/PRN-Sabah/[TIDAK-RASMI]-PN-BN-menang-PRN-Sabah-kini-telah-menang-37-kerusi
Sinar Harian. (2020, September). Dua calon PBS sokong STAR, dua calon Bebas sokong PBS. https://www.sinarharian.com.my/article/102166/Pilihan-Raya/PRN-Sabah/Dua-calon-PBS-sokong-STAR-dua-calon-Bebas-sokong-PBS
Sinar Harian. (2020, September). STAR akur dapat hanya 8 kerusi, kekal bersama PN. https://www.malaysiakini.com/news/542109
Suraya, S. (2003). Penganutan Agama Islam dan Kristian dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Kadazan Dusun di Sabah. Jurnal Usuluddin, 18, 59-80.
Suruhanjaya Pilihanraya Malaysia. (2020, September). Kedudukan Kerusi bagi DUN: N.44 TULID- Dashboard SPR. https://dashboard.spr.gov.my/#!/dun/12/N.44
Utusan Borneo. (2021, April). STAR menangi Keningau, Tambunan darin PBS ketika pembangkang. https://www.utusanborneo.com.my/2021/04/27/star-menangi-keningau-tambunan-dari-pbs-ketika-pembangkang
Vanhanen, T. (1999). Domestic Ethnic Conflict and Ethnic Nepotism: A Comparative Analysis, Journal of Peace Research, 36(1), 55–73. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343399036001004
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.