Knowledge, Awareness, and Perceptions towards Prostate Cancer amongst Male UNIMAS Undergraduates
Abstract
Prostate cancer has always been thought as a cancer of elderly men. However, men of any age can develop prostate cancer. Early onset prostate cancer has become an emerging public health concern as there is an increased incidence of prostate cancer amongst men aged ≤55 years over the last two decades. This quantitative cross sectional study was to assess the knowledge, awareness, and perceptions toward prostate cancer among 322 male local undergraduates in UNIMAS. The results showed that only a small percentage of the respondents (12.1%) had a high knowledge and awareness level and less than half (44.7%) showed good perception towards cancer of prostate. Chi-square results indicated that the year of study and study programmes had significant association with knowledge and awareness towards prostate cancer. This study provides preliminary data which are useful for the planning of community-based program to educate the younger adults regarding prostate cancer as well as a basis for further research.
References
Adibe, M. O., Aluh, D. O., Isah, A., & Anosike, C. (2017). Knowledge, Attitudes and Perceptions of Prostate Cancer among Male Staff of the University of Nigeria. Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention, 18(7), 1961-1966. https://doi.org/10.22034/APJCP.2017.18.7.1961
American Cancer Society. (2019). Prostate Cancer. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/prostate-cancer.html
Azizah, Ab. M., Nor Saleha, I. T., Noor Hashimah, A., Asmah, Z.A., & Mastulu, W. (2015). Malaysian National Cancer Registry Report 2007-2011. https://www.crc.gov.my/wp-content/uploads/documents/report/MNCRRrepor2007-2011.pdf
Bray, F., Ferlay, J., Soerjomataram, I., Siegel, R.L., Torre, L. A., & Jemal, A. (2018). Global cancer statistics 2018: GLOBOCAN estimates of incidence and mortality worldwide for 36 cancers in 185 countries. A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 68(6), 394-424.
https://doi.org/10.3322/caac.21492
Campbell, L. C., & McClain, J. (2013). Exploring Prostate Cancer Literacy and Family Cancer Awareness in College Students: Getting Ahead of the Curve in Cancer Education. Journal of Cancer Education, 28(4), 617-622.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-013-0546-1
Cancer Research UK. (2018). Why is early diagnosis important? https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/cancer-symptoms/why-is-early-diagnosis-important
Chin, H. W., Kim, J., Rasp, G., & Hristov, B. (2015). Prostate Cancer in Seniors: Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathology, and Screening. Federal practitioner : for the health care professionals of the VA, DoD, and PHS, 32(Suppl 4), 41S-44S.
Dean, A.G., Sullivan, K.M., & Soe, M.M. (2013). OpenEpi: Open Source Epidemiologic Statistics for Public Health, Version. http://www.OpenEpi.com
Gliem, J. A. and Gliem, R. R.. (2003). Calculating, Intepreting, and Reporting Cronbach's Alpha Reliability Coefficient for Likert-Type Scales. Midwest Research to Practice Conference in Adult, Continuing, and Community Education, 82-88.
Hong, G. E., Kong, C. H., Singam, P., Cheok, L. B., Zainuddin, Z. M., & Azrif, M. (2010). Seven-year review of prostate carcinomas diagnosed by TRUS biopsy in a single Malaysian institution. Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, 11(5), 1351-1353.
Ismail, S., Zainuddin, H., Hamedon, T. R., Juni, M., Afiah, N., Zulkefli, M., & Saliluddin, S. (2018). Factors associated with awareness, knowledge and attitude towards prostate cancer among Malay men in traditional Malay villages, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia. Malaysian Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences, 14, 31-38.
Kabore, F. A., Kambou, T., Zango, B., & Ouédraogo, A. (2013). Knowledge and Awareness of Prostate Cancer Among the General Public in Burkina Faso. Journal of Cancer Education, 29(1), 69-73.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s13187-013-0545-2
Merriel, S. W., Funston, G., & Hamilton, W. (2018). Prostate cancer in primary care. Advances in Therapy, 35(9), 1285-94.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12325-018-0766-1
Mincey, K., Turner, B., Anderson, K., Maurice, S., Neal, R., & White, C. (2017). Prostate Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs in Black College Men: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Community Health, 42, 1096-1101.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10900-017-0357-0
Mofolo, N., Betshu, O., Kenna, O., Koroma, S., Lebeko, T., Claassen, F. M. and Joubert, G. (2015). Knowledge of prostate cancer among males attending a urology clinic, a South African study. Springerplus, 4(67). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40064-015-0824-y
Mohammad Fadhil Hafiz, M. S., Soon, L. K., Azlina, Y. (2016). Knowledge, awareness and perception towards prostate cancer among male public staffs in kelantan. International Journal of Public Health and Clinical Sciences, 3 (6), 105-115.
Nakandi, H., Kirabo, M., Semugabo, C., Kittengo, A., Kitayimbwa, P., Kalungi, S., & Maena, J. (2013). Knowledge, attitudes and practices of Ugandan men regarding prostate cancer. African journal of urology: the official journal of the Pan African Urological Surgeons' Association (PAUSA), 19(4), 165-170.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.afju.2013.08.001
Ogunsanya, M. E., Brown, C. M., Odedina, F. T., Barner, J. C., Adedipe, T. B., & Corbell, B. (2017). Knowledge of Prostate Cancer and Screening Among Young Multiethnic Black Men. American journal of men's health, 11(4), 1008-1018.
https://doi.org/10.1177/1557988316689497
Salinas, C. A., Tsodikov, A., Ishak-Howard, M., & Cooney, K. A. (2014). Prostate cancer in young men: an important clinical entity. Nature reviews. Urology, 11(6), 317-323.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrurol.2014.91
Sutcliffe, S., & Colditz, G. A. (2013). Prostate cancer: is it time to expand the research focus to early-life exposures? Nature reviews. Cancer, 13(3), 208-518.
https://doi.org/10.1038/nrc3434
Yeboah-Asiamaha, B., Yirenya-Tawiah, D., Baafic, D., & Ackumey, M. M. (2017). Perceptions and knowledge about prostate cancer and attitudes towards prostate cancer screening among male teachers in the Sunyani Municipality, Ghana. African Journal of Urology, 23, 184-191.
Copyright (c) 2022 UNIMAS Publisher
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
