Ironi Dalam Bahasa Kiasan Punjabi: Analisis Semantik Inkuisitif
Abstract
Bahasa merupakan satu medium penyampaian pelbagai hasrat yang berkesan. Kajian ini mengkaji bahasa kiasan Punjabi yang digunakan oleh masyarakat Sikh di Malaysia. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenal pasti unsur haiwan dalam bahasa kiasan Punjabi. Kajian ini berbentuk kualitatif. Lima bahasa kiasan yang berunsurkan haiwan yang dikutip melalui kaedah temu bual dianalisis berdasarkan pendekatan semantik inkuisitif Nor Hashimah Jalaluddin (2014). Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa ada beberapa nasihat melalui bahasa kiasan yang memasukkan unsur haiwan dalam ujarannya. Didapati makna pada peringkat permukaan semantik, cuma memaparkan makna selapis sahaja. Dengan pendekatan semantik inkuisitif, dapatan kajian menunjukkan penyebutan unsur haiwan dalam ujaran bahasa kiasan masyarakat Punjabi berbaur ironi dan mempunyai falsafah kehidupan masyarakat ini. Setiap bahasa kiasan yang dianalisis memaparkan makna berlapis yang perlu dikupas dengan mengaitkan makna selapis berkenaan dengan kehidupan masyarakat Punjabi secara keseluruhan yang merangkumi aspek norma dan pemikiran mereka serta tindak tanduk kehidupan yang mereka harungi seharian. Kajian juga mendapati bahawa ujaran kiasan ini dicipta berdasarkan pengamatan terhadap persekitaran dan alam pemikiran mereka yang berbentuk abstrak dan memerlukan pengamatan teliti. Akhirnya, didapati bahawa pendekatan semantik inkuisitif yang menggabungjalinkan data, teori, kognitif, falsafah dan akal budi sesebuah masyarakat dapat memaparkan makna sebenar yang hendak disampaikan menerusi bahasa kiasan ini. Dengan kaedah semantik skrip, makna selapis mudah diketahui. Kemudian dengan semantik resonans, pemetaan makna selapis ini dikaitkan dengan kognitif penutur dan akhirnya dengan analisis semantik inkuisitif, makna yang lebih deskriptif dapat dijelmakan. Kaitan makna dapat dikonstruk satu per satu dengan tiga peringkat analisis dalam semantik inkuisitif. Makna yang diperoleh lebih tinggi kesahannya.
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