Risk Screening of Introduced African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) in Sarawak Using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK v2)
Risk screening of African catfish using FISK v2
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5705.2023Keywords:
Clarias gariepinus, FISK v2, freshwater fish, invasiveness, non-native, risk screeningAbstract
African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a popular non-native fish for aquaculture in Malaysia. The issues of non-native fish species have not been much discussed despite general perception of the negative effects of the species on the native biodiversity. Therefore, this study was conducted to estimate the possible risk of C. gariepinus in Sarawak using a semi-quantitative system of Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit version 2 (FISK v2). There are 49 questions in FISK v2 assessment which was assessed by three independent assessors with fisheries knowledge in Sarawak. Threshold was set at 19.0. Descriptive Statistics using SPSS 25.0 was used to run FISK score from three assessors. Result shows that Clarias gariepinus was categorised as “very high risk”. Clarias gariepinus has a FISK score of 43.00 ± 1.00 with a certainty factor of 0.89 ± 0.08. Environmental and biological criteria, followed by the economic impacts for this species and the gaps in legislation and framework in Sarawak were discussed thoroughly. It can be concluded that this preliminary assessment might have indicate a sign of invasion of this non-native species to the local biodiversity. The tool could be more robust if more comprehensive data are included which eventually be useful to assist in decisions regarding future management of non-native species in Sarawak.
References
Agriculture Organisation of the United Nations. Fisheries Department. (2000). The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture, 2000 (Vol. 3). Food & Agriculture Org.
Almeida, D., Ribeiro, F., Leunda, P.M., Vilizzi, L. & Copp, G.H. (2013). Effectiveness of FISK, an invasiveness screening tool for non‐native freshwater fishes, to perform risk identification assessments in the Iberian Peninsula. Risk Analysis, 33(8): 1404-1413. DOI: 10.1111/risa.12050
Ambak, M.A. & Jalal, K.C.A. (2006). Sustainability issues of reservoir fisheries in Malaysia. Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, 9(2): 165-173. DOI: 10.1080/14634980600701468
Belão, T.C., Leite, C.A.C., Florindo, L.H., Kalinin, A.L. & Rantin, F.T. (2011). Cardiorespiratory responses to hypoxia in the African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822), an air-breathing fish. Journal of Comparative Physiology B, 181(7): 905-916. DOI: 10.1007/s00360-011-0577-z
Britton, J.R., Copp, G.H., Brazier, M. & Davies, G.D. (2011). A modular assessment tool for managing introduced fishes according to risks of species and their populations, and impacts of management actions. Biological Invasions, 13(12): 2847-2860. DOI: 10.1007/s10530-011-9967-0
Bruton, M.N. (1979). The breeding biology and early development of Clarias gariepinus (Pisces: Clariidae) in Lake Sibaya, South Africa, with a review of breeding in species of the subgenus Clarias (Clarias). The Transactions of the Zoological Society of London, 35(1):1-45. DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.1979.tb00056.x
Chong, V.C., Lee, P.K.Y. & Lau, C.M. (2010). Diversity, extinction risk and conservation of Malaysian fishes. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(9): 2009-2066. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02685.x
Copp, G.H. (2013). The Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) for non-native freshwater fishes: A summary of current applications. Risk Analysis, 33(8): 1394-1396. DOI: 10.1111/risa.12095
Copp, G.H., Garthwaite, R. & Gozlan, R.E. (2005). Risk identification and assessment of non-native freshwater fishes: a summary of concepts and perspectives on protocols for the UK. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 21(4): 371.
Copp, G.H., Vilizzi, L., Mumford, J., Fenwick, G.V., Godard, M.J. & Gozlan, R.E. (2009). Calibration of FISK, an invasiveness screening tool for non-native freshwater fishes. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 29(3): 457-467. DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2008.01159.x
Dauda, A.B., Natrah, I., Karim, M., Kamarudin, M.S. & Bichi, A. (2018). African catfish aquaculture in Malaysia and Nigeria: Status, trends and prospects. Fisheries and Aquaculture Journal, (1): 1-5. DOI: 10.4172/2150-3508.1000237
Department of Agriculture Sarawak, (2021). Annual Fisheries Statistics. Jabatan Pertanian Sarawak.
Department of Fisheries Malaysia, (2020). Annual Fisheries Statistics Report. Jabatan Perikanan Malaysia.
Department of Irrigation and Drainage Sarawak, (2023). Sarawak 22 Major River Basins. Department of Irrigation and Drainage Sarawak. https://did.sarawak.gov.my/page-0-314-315-SARAWAK-22-MAJOR-RIVER-BASINS.html
De Silva, S.S., Nguyen, T.T., Turchini, G.M., Amarasinghe, U.S. & Abery, N.W. (2009). Alien species in aquaculture and biodiversity: a paradox in food production. Ambio: A Journal of the Human Environment, 38(1): DOI: 24-28. 10.1579/0044-7447-38.1.24
Faguet, J.P. (2014). Decentralization and governance. World Development, 53: 2-13. DOI: 10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.01.002
Gozlan, R.E., Britton, J.R., Cowx, I. & Copp, G.H. (2010). Current knowledge on non‐native freshwater fish introductions. Journal of Fish Biology, 76(4): 751-786. DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2010.02566.x
Hashim, R., Zulkifli, N.F. & Bujang, N.H. (2019). Length and weight relationship and fish condition of non-native fish species in selected recrational lakes, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Proceedings on the 5th Environment Asia International Conference IV, 55-71.
Haymer, D.S. & Khedkar, G.D. (2022). Biology of selected Clarias catfish species used in aquaculture. The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 74. DOI: 10.46989/001c.37958
Hock, S.S. (2007). The Population of Peninsular Malaysia. Institute of Southeast Asian Studies.
Jaeger, P.T. (2003). The endless wire: E-government as global phenomenon. Government Information Quarterly, 20(4): 323-331. DOI: 10.1016/j.giq.2003.08.003
Kadye, W.T. & Booth, A.J. (2012). Detecting impacts of invasive non-native sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus, within invaded and non-invaded rivers. Biodiversity and Conservation, 21(8): 1997-2015. DOI: 10.1007/s10531-012-0291-5
Kamal, A.H.M., Sinden, A., Idris, M.H., Hamli, H., Musa, N., Piah, R.M., Wahid, M.E.A., Lah, R.A., Rasdi, N.W., Abualreesh, M.H., Bhuiyan, M.K.A. & Shahabuddin, A. (2022). Diversity of fisheries in Sarawak, Northwest Borneo: present status and conservation issues. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 12(1): 32-51. DOI: 10.33736/bjrst.4651.2022
Krishnakumar, K., Ali, A., Pereira, B. & Raghavan, R. (2011). Unregulated aquaculture and invasive alien species: a case study of the African Catfish Clarias gariepinus in Vembanad Lake (Ramsar Wetland), Kerala, India. Journal of Threatened Taxa, 3(5): 1737-1744.
Lam, M.E. (2016). The ethics and sustainability of capture fisheries and aquaculture. Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics, 29(1): 35-65. DOI: 10.1007/s10806-015-9587-2
Lawson, L.L., Hill, J.E., Hardin, S., Vilizzi, L. & Copp, G.H. (2015). Evaluation of the fish invasiveness screening kit (FISK v2) for peninsular Florida. Management of Biological Invasions, 6(4): 413. DOI: 10.3391/mbi.2015.6.4.09
Lawson Jr, L.L., Hill, J.E., Vilizzi, L., Hardin, S. & Copp, G.H. (2013). Revisions of the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) for its application in warmer climatic zones, with particular reference to peninsular Florida. Risk Analysis, 33(8): 1414-1431. DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2012.01896.x
Lee, D.J. & Gordon, R.M. (2006). Economics of aquaculture and invasive aquatic species- An overview. Aquaculture Economics & Management, 10(2): 83-96. DOI: 10.1080/13657300600694502
Li, N., Bao, L., Zhou, T., Yuan, Z., Liu, S., Dunham, R. & Liu, Z. (2018). Genome sequence of walking catfish (Clarias batrachus) provides insights into terrestrial adaptation. BMC Genomics, 19(1): 1-16. DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5355-9
Lin, Y., Gao, Z. & Zhan, A. (2015). Introduction and use of non‐native species for aquaculture in China: Status, risks and management solutions. Reviews in Aquaculture, 7(1): 28-58. DOI: 10.1111/raq.12052
Long, S.M. (2014). Sarawak coastal biodiversity: A current status. Kuroshi Science 8-1: 71-84. DOI: 10.1111/raq.12052
Low, B.W., Liew, J.H., Tan, H.H., Ahmad, A., Zeng, Y. & Yeo, D.C. (2022). The invasion and impacts of the African sharptooth catfish (Clariidae: Clarias gariepinus) in the Malay Peninsula. Freshwater Biology, 67(11): 1925-1937. DOI: 10.1111/fwb.13984
Mastitsky, S.E., Karatayev, A.Y., Burlakova, L.E. & Adamovich, B.V. (2010). Non-native fishes of Belarus: Diversity, distribution, and risk classification using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK). Aquatic Invasions, 5(1): 103-114. DOI: 10.3391/ai.2010.5.1.12
Medellin-Castillo, N.A., Cisneros-Ontiveros, H.G., Carranza-Álvarez, C., Ilizaliturri-Hernandez, C.A., Yánez-Estrada, L.G. & Rodríguez-López, A.G. (2022). Evaluation of the Fish Invasiveness Scoring Kit (FISK v2) for pleco fish or devil fish. In Bacterial Fish Diseases UK: Academic Press. pp. 205-227.
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry & Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, Malaysia, (2021). National Action Plan on Invasive Alien Species 2021-2025. Ministry of Agriculture and Food Industry. pp. 84.
Perdikaris, C., Koutsikos, N., Vardakas, L., Kommatas, D., Simonović, P., Paschos, I., Detsis, V., Vilizzi, L. & Copp, G.H. (2016). Risk screening of non‐native, translocated and traded aquarium freshwater fishes in Greece using Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 23(1): 32-43. DOI: 10.1111/fme.12149
Piria, M., Povž, M., Vilizzi, L., Zanella, D., Simonović, P. & Copp, G.H. (2016). Risk screening of non‐native freshwater fishes in Croatia and Slovenia using the Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 23(1): 21-31. DOI: 10.1111/fme.12147
Radocaj, T., Špelic, I., Vilizzi, L., Povž, M. & Piria, M. (2021). Identifying threats from introduced and translocated non-native freshwater fishes in Croatia and Slovenia under current and future climatic conditions. Global Ecology & Conservation, 27: e01520. DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01520
Rahim, K.A.B.A. (2012). Diversity, Ecology, and Distribution of Non-Indigenous Freshwater Fish in Malaysia (Doctoral dissertation, Universiti Putra Malaysia).
Rahim, K.A.A., Esa, Y. & Arshad, A. (2013). The influence of alien fish species on native fish community structure in Malaysian waters. Kuroshio Science, 7(1): 81-93.
Saba, A.O., Ismail, A., Zulkifli, S.Z., Shohaimi, S., Jamil, N.R., Nawi, N. M., Ghani, I.F.A., Halim, M.R.A., & Amal, M.N.A. (2020). Checklists, production trends, and potential ecological and socioeconomic impacts of non-native freshwater fishes in Malaysia: A review. Aquatic Invasions, 15(4): 646-670.
Singh, A.K. & Lakra, W.S. (2011). Risk and benefit assessment of alien fish species of the aquaculture and aquarium trade into India. Reviews in Aquaculture, 3(1): 3-18. DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-5131.2010.01039.x
Snyder, E., Mandrak, N.E., Niblock, H. & Cudmore, B. (2013). Developing a screening level risk assessment prioritization protocol for aquatic non-indigenous species in Canada: Review of existing protocols. Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Canadian Science Advisory Secretariat: Research Document, 97: 1-82.
Suhaila, J., Deni, S.M., Zin, W.W. & Jemain, A.A. (2010). Trends in peninsular Malaysia rainfall data during the southwest monsoon and northeast monsoon seasons: 1975-2004. Sains Malaysiana, 39(4): 533-542.
Tarkan, A.S., Güler Ekmekçi, F., Vilizzi, L. & Copp, G.H. (2014). Risk screening of non‐native freshwater fishes at the frontier between Asia and Europe: First application in Turkey of the fish invasiveness screening kit. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, 30(2): 392-398. DOI: 10.1111/jai.1238
Tarkan, A.S., Sarı, H.M., İlhan, A., Kurtul, I. & Vilizzi, L. (2017). Risk screening of non-native and translocated freshwater fish species in a Mediterranean-type shallow lake: Lake Marmara (West Anatolia). Zoology in the Middle East, 63(1): 48-57. DOI: 10.1080/09397140.2017.1269398
Tarkan, A.S., Yoğurtçuoğlu, B., Ekmekçi, F.G., Clarke, S.A., Wood, L.E., Vilizzi, L. & Copp, G. (2020). First application in Turkey of the European non‐native species in aquaculture risk analysis scheme to evaluate the farmed non‐native fish, striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 27(2): 123-131. DOI: 10.1111/fme.12387
Tricarico, E., Vilizzi, L., Gherardi, F. & Copp, G.H. (2010). Calibration of FI‐ISK, an invasiveness screening tool for non-native freshwater invertebrates. Risk Analysis: An International Journal, 30(2): 285-292. DOI: 10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01255.x
Vilizzi, L., Copp, G.H., Adamovich, B., Almeida, D., Chan, J., Davison, P.I. & Zeng, Y. (2019). A global review and meta-analysis of applications of the freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 29(3): 529-568. DOI: 10.1007/s11160-019-09562-2
Vythalingam, L.M., Raghavan, R., Hossain, M. & Bhassu, S. (2022). Predicting aquatic invasions in a megadiverse region: Maximum‐entropy‐based modelling of six alien fish species in Malaysia. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 32(1): 157-170. DOI: 10.1002/aqc.3729
Wu, R. (1989). Biological and economic factors in the selection of cultured fish species and the development of a bio-economic model. In Advances in Tropical Aquaculture, Workshop at Tahiti, French Polynesia, 20 Feb-4 Mar 1989.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
