The Relationship between Odorrana hosii Skin Histology and Habitat Water Quality in Different Locations of Sarawak

Relationship between O. hosii skin histology and habitat water quality

Authors

  • AHMAD HATA BIN RASIT 1Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • VIVIAN THAM Department of Orthopaedics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences,Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.
  • RAMLAH BINTI ZAINUDIN Faculty of Resources Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia
  • MOHAMMAD ZULKARNAEN BIN AHMAD NARIHAN Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5524.2023

Keywords:

Bornean frog, histology, Odorrana hosii, skin, water quality

Abstract

Recent study has revealed that the poison gland in Odorrana hosii skin act as defensive mechanism and can help in wound healing management of a frog species. Since skin is the first organ that come into contact with the surrounding, the habitat of the species should be related to the properties of the frogs’ skin. Thus, we investigated the O. hosii skin histology in relation to water quality parameters at different localities in Sarawak. The goal of study is to uncover a link between O. hosii habitat and its skin histology at four different locations: Ranchan Recreational Park (RRP), Matang Wildlife Centre (MWC), Borneo Highlands (BH), and Santubong National Park (SNP). The water quality criteria for each area were pH, turbidity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen (DO).  The results showed that DO concentration of the habitat is the most essential element in affecting the health of the amphibian skin, as well as the forested areas (MWC, SNP, and BH) that protect the skin from direct sunlight.   The DO of the habitat differed significantly for the mean number of mucous and seromucous glands at 0.01 (α = 0.05) and 0.03 (α = 0.05), respectively. The number of mucous glands and DO were found to have a strong positive correlation at 0.701. However, the number of seromucous glands showed a strong negative correlation with DO at -0.623. O. hosii skin from the four different localities was found to have cutaneous gland variations that reflect the environment in the number of glands. Mucous glands play an important role in indicating the localities’ water quality, which reflects adaptation of O. hosii to its habitat. This highlights the importance of preserving natural habitats for this sensitive species.

References

Barrionuevo, J.S. (2017). Skin structure variation in water frogs of the genus Telmatobius (Anura: Telmatobiidae). Salamadra, 53(2): 183-192.

Boyer, R. & Grue, C.E. (1995). The need for water quality criteria for frogs. Environmental Health Perspectives, 103(4): 352-357.

Brizzi, R., Delfino, G., Jantra, S., Alvarez, B.B. & Sever, D.M. (2001). The amphibian cutaneous glands: Some aspects of their structure and adaptive role Herpetologia Candiana - University of Crete, Natural History Museum of Crete. pp. 43-49.

Brizzi, R., Delfino, G. & Pellegrini, R. (2002). Specialized mucous glands and their possible adaptive role in the males of some species of Rana (Amphibia, Anura). Journal of Morphology, 254(3): 328-341.

Brown, H.S. (2002). The routine stain: Hematoxylin & Eosin. H&H Informational Primer. Sigma-Aldrich Corporation.

Chaplin, M.F. (2001). Water: Its importance to life. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education, 29(2): 54-59.

Conlon, J.M., Kolodziejek, J., Nowotny, N., Leprince, J., Vaudry, H., Coquet, L., Jouenne, T. & King, J.D. (2008). Characterization of antimicrobial peptides from the skin secretions of the Malaysian frogs, Odorrana hosii and Hylarana picturata (Anura: Ranidae). Toxicon, 52(3): 465-473.

Daly, J.W., Spande, T.F. & Garraffo, H.M. (2005). Alkaloids from amphibian skin: A tabulation of over eight-hundred compounds. Journal of Natural Products, 68(10): 1556-1575.

Department of Environment Quality Report (2006). River water quality. Retrieved 25 August, 2022 from https://enviro2.doe.gov.my/ekmc/wp-con tent/uploads/2016/08/1403318138-Environmenta l_Quality_Report_(EQR)_2006.pdf.

Haiyan, L., Anbang S., Mingyi L. & Xiaoran Z. (2013). Effect of pH, temperature, dissolved oxygen, and flow rate of overlying water on heavy metals release from storm sewer sediments. Journal of Chemistry, 2013: 434012. DOI: 10.1155/2013/434012

Heyer, W.R. (1994). Variation within the Leptodactylus podicipinus-wagneri complex of frogs (Amphibia: Leptodactylidae). DOI: 10.5479/si.00810282.546.i

Inger, R.F., Stuebing, R.B. & Zainudin, R. (2005). Peat swamp frogs of Borneo. Wallace in Sarawak–150 Years Later. Proceedings of the International Conference on Biogeography and Biodiversity, 13-17 July 2005, Kota Samarahan, Malaysia. Institute of Biodiversity and Enviroenmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak. pp. 13-15.

Inger, R.F., Stuebing, R.B., Grafe, U.T. & Dehling, J.M. (2017). A field guide to the frogs of Borneo. 3rd edition. Kota Kinabalu: Natural History Publications (Borneo) Sdn. Bhd.

Majit, J. (2008). Water quality and phytoplankton assessment in three selected waterfalls of Kuching and Serian Districts, Sarawak (Doctoral dissertation), Universiti Malaysia Sarawak.

Mansano, C.F.M., Vanzela, L.S., Américo-Pinheiro, J.H.P., Macente, B.I., Khan, K.U., Fernandes, J.B.K., Frias, D.F.R. & De Stéfani, M.V. (2018). Importance of optimum water quality indices in successful frog culture practices. Limnology-Some New Aspects of Inland Water Ecology. IntechOpen. DOI: 10.5772/intechopen.81747

Md Sungif, N.A., Zainudin, R., Awang Ojep, D.N., & Rasit, A.H. (2015). Study of wound healing in rats treated with skin of poisonous frog, Odorrana hosii. Jurnal Teknologi, 77(25).

Moreno-Gómez, F., Duque, T., Fierro, L., Arango, J., Peckham, X. & Asencio-Santofimio, H. (2014). Histological description of the skin glands of Phyllobates bicolor (Anura: Dendrobatidae) using three staining techniques. International Journal of Morphology, 32(3): 882-888.

Prates, I., Antoniazzi, M.M., Sciani, J.M., Pimenta, D.C., Toledo, L.F., Haddad, C.F. & Jared, C. (2012). Skin glands, poison and mimicry in dendrobatid and leptodactylid amphibians. Journal of Morphology, 273(3): 279-290.

Raghavan, K.V., Babu, M., Rajaram, R. & Sai, K.P. (2010). Efficacy of frog skin lipids in wound healing. Lipids in Health and Disease, 9(1): 1-7.

Rasit, A.H., Amirah, M.D., Sungif, N., Zainudin, R., Zulkarnaen, M. & Narihan, A. (2018). The distribution and average size of granular gland in poisonous rock frog, Odorrana hosii. Malaysian Applied Biology, 47: 23-28.

Seki, T., Kikuyama, S. & Yanaihara, N. (1995). Morphology of the skin glands of the crab- eating frog (Rana cancrivora). Zoological Science, 12(5): 623-626.

Shahabuddin, M.M., Sabri, M., Zainudin, R. & Rasit, A.H. (2018). Characterisation of crude and partially purified peptides with antimicrobial activity from the skin of Bornean frogs. Journal of Sustainability Science and Management, 13(1): 147-157.

Tennessen, J.A. (2009). Adaptive diversity and divergence at frog antimicrobial peptide loci. Oregon State University.

Water Resources Management and Hydrology Division, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, 2009. Retrieved August 25, 2022 from http://h2o.water.gov.my/man_water/WRP21.pdf.

World Health Organization (WHO) (2017). Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Fourth Edition Incorporating the First Addendum. Available from: https://www.who.int/water_ sanitation_health/publications/drinking-water- qualityguidelines-4-including-1st-addendum/en/ [Accessed: 29 June 2020]

Yee, L.T., Paka, D.D., Nyanti, L., Ismail, N. & Emang, J.J. (2012). Water quality at Batang Ai hydroelectric reservoir (Sarawak, Malaysia) and implications for aquaculture. International Journal of Applied, 2(6): 23-30.

Zainudin, R., Md Zain, B. M., Ahmad, N. & Nor, S. M. (2017). Microhabitat partitioning of closely related Sarawak (Malaysian, Borneo) frog species previously assigned to the genus Hylarana (Amphibia: Anura). Turkish Journal of Zoology, 41: 604-614.

Zainudin, R., Deka, E.Q., Ojep, D.N.A., Lela, S., Puad, A.S.A., Jayasilan, M.A. & Rasit, A.H. (2018). Histological description of the bornean horned frog Megophrys nasuta (Amphibia: Anura: Megophryidae) skin structure from different body regions. Malaysian Applied Biology, 47(1): 51-56.

Zainudin R., Deka E.Q., Amram M.F., Rais S.M., Sungif N.A., Agoh M.M.A., Alaudin N.A., Azmi M.A. & Mohd-Azlan, J. (2019). Significant quality of fragmented forests in oil palm plantations: Lesson from the assemblage structure of frogs (Amphibia: Anura). Journal of Oil Palm Research, 31(4): 604-614.

Published

2023-12-25

How to Cite

AHMAD HATA BIN RASIT, VIVIAN THAM, RAMLAH BINTI ZAINUDIN, & MOHAMMAD ZULKARNAEN BIN AHMAD NARIHAN. (2023). The Relationship between Odorrana hosii Skin Histology and Habitat Water Quality in Different Locations of Sarawak: Relationship between O. hosii skin histology and habitat water quality. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 13(2), 42–52. https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.5524.2023