Establishment of Axenic Explants and Callus Induction of Vernonia amygdalina Del.
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.341.2016Keywords:
Vernonia amygdalina, axenic, callus induction, surface sterilization, plant growth regulator, phytochemicalAbstract
Vernonia amygdalina is a plant with great medicinal potentials due to the phytochemicals it possesses. The establishment of axenic culture and callus induction are important as the primary steps to acquire callus and cell suspension cultures which are prospective to be used as alternatives in the production of phytochemicals. The effect of different regimes of sterilization unveiled that explants treated with mercuric chloride showed significant difference in the mean number of axenic explants, but observations of serious necrosis in all explants that later lead to death were recorded. Whilst, the explants treated with Clorox® were not significantly difference in the mean number of axenic explants but the explants obtained were healthy and the growth was sustained. For callus induction, there was no significant difference in the callus induction frequency (CIF) among different concentrations of 2,4-D or picloram. In conclusions, the explants were recommended to be surface sterilized with 15% of Clorox® for 15 minutes as it was more economical and less time consuming. Whereas, MS media supplemented with 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D or 0.5 mg/L picloram would be a better choice for callus induction due to observation of root formation at lower concentrations of 2,4-D.References
Akin-Idowu, P.E., Ibitoye, D. O., & Ademoyegun, O.T. (2009). Tissue culture as a plant production technique for horticultural crops. African Journal of Biotechnology, 8(16): 3782-3788.
Audu, S.A., Taiwo, A.E., Ojuolape, A.R., Sani, A.S., Bukola, A.R., & Mohammed, I. (2012). A study review of documented phytochemistry of Vernonia amygdalina (Family Asteraceae) as the basis for pharmacologic activity of plant extract. Journal of Natural Sciences Research, 2(7): 1-9.
Babaei, N., Abdullah, N.A.P., Saleh, G., & Abdullah, T.L. (2013). Control of contamination and explant browning in Curculigo latifolia in vitro cultures. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 7(8): 448-454.
Beyl, C.A. & Trigiano, R.N. (2014). Plant propagation concepts and laboratory exercises. Second Edition. London: CRC Press. P 383.
Das, M.P., Rebecca, L.J., Sharmila, S., & Chatterjee, S. (2012). Study on the effect of mercury (II) chloride as disinfectant on mixed culture. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4(12): 4975-4978.
Fomum, F.U. (2004). Vernonia amygdalina Delile. In: Grubben, G.J.H. & Denton, O.A. (Eds.). Vegetables. Wageningen: PROTA Foundation. Pp 543-546.
George, E.F., Hall, M.A., & Klerk, G.D. (2007). Plant propagation by tissue culture 3rd Edition: Volume 1. The background. Springer Science & Business Media. Pp 174 and Pp 185.
Godoy-Hernández, G. & Vázquez-Flota, F.A. (2006). Growth measurements: Estimation of cell division and cell expansion. In: Loyola-Vargas, V.M. & Vázquez-Flota, F. (Eds). Plant cell culture protocols. New Jersey: Humana Press Inc. Pp 51-58.
Hu, G. & Jia, J. (2012). Production of useful secondary metabolites through regulation of biosynthetic pathway in cell and tissue suspension culture of medicinal plants. In: Leva, A. & Rinaldi, L.M.R. (Eds.). Recent advances in plant in vitro culture. USA: Intech. Pp 197-210.
Javed, B., Farhatullah, Shah, S.H., & Ali, I. (2012). In vitro analysis of callus induction in interspecifically hybridized F4-5 populations of Brassica. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 44(2): 787-790.
Khalafalla, M.M., Elgaali, E.I., & Ahmed, M.M. (2007). In vitro multiple shoot regeneration from nodal explants of Vernonia amygdalina - An important medicinal plant. In: Ahmed, K. Z. (Ed.). 8th African Crop Science Conference Proceedings. El-Minia, 27-31 October 2007. Egypt: African Crop Science Society. Pp 747-752.
Linden, J.C. (2002). Secondary products from plant tissue culture. In: Doelle, H.W., Rokem, S., & Berovic, M. (Eds.). Biotechnology, Vol. VI. France: UNESCO-EOLSS. Pp 53-74.
Murashige, T. & Skoog, F. (1962). A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassay with tobacco tissue culture. Physiologia Plantarum, 15: 473-497.
Ofori, D.A., Anjarwalla, P., Jamnadass, R., Stevenson, P.C., & Smith, P. (2013). Vernonia amygdalina Del. Academics Development Practitioners Extension Policy Makers Scientists. Nairobi, Kenya: World Agroforestry Centre (ICRAF).
Ramakrishna, A. & Ravishankar, G.A. (2011). Influence of abiotic stress signals on secondary metabolites in plants. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 6(11): 1720-1731.
Rao, S.R. & Ravishankar, G.A. (2002). Plant cell cultures: Chemical factories of secondary metabolites. Biotechnology Advances, 20: 101-153.
Toyang, N.J. & Verpoorte, R. (2013). A review of the medicinal potentials of plants of the genus Vernonia (Asteraceae). Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 146(3): 681-723.
Yeap, S.W., Ho, W.Y., Beh, B.K., Liang, W.S., Ky, H., Yousr, A.H.N., & Alitheen, N.B. (2010). Vernonia amygdalina, an ethnoveterinary and ethnomedical used green vegetables with multiple bio-activites. Journal of Medicinal Plants Research, 4(25): 2787-2812.
Zhou, R.J. & Liu, M.J. (2009). Effect of plant growth regulators on tissue culture in Chinese jujube. Acta Horticulturae, 840: 309-314.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
