Combining Essential Oils of Piper betle and Myristica fragrans for Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties

Authors

  • Siong Fong Sim
  • Fazia Mohd Sinang
  • Diana Kertini
  • Felecia Collick
  • Mellisa Edwand Dankan
  • Vanessa Renting Nixion Luncha
  • Noor Syazana Abdul Majid

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.254.2013

Keywords:

Essential oils, antibacterial, antifungal, M. fragrans, P. betle

Abstract

This paper reports the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted from
Myristica fragrans and Piper betle in individual and combined fractions. Enhanced antimicrobial activity is
anticipated when the volatile oils are combined as compounds present in different extracts could complement
each other resulting in synergistic effect offering a broader spectrum of microbial resistance. The GC-MS
analysis indicates that chemical compositions of M. fragrans and P. betle vary with M. fragrans containing
more early-eluting compounds. The combined extract is characterised by compounds present in both extracts,
some appear to co-elute in the mixture. The antimicrobial activity of the single and combined extracts against
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus were evaluated. P. betle demonstrates stronger
antimicrobial activity than M. fragrans; the combined extract exhibit improved performance especially on A.
flavus.

References

Adams, R.P. (1995). Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry. Carol Stream, IL., USA: Allured. pp. 804.

Meen S.J. (2012). Antimicrobial activity of nutmeg extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Al-Taqani, 25(2): 259-163.

Rambewela L., Kumaratunga K.G.A. & Dias K. (2005). Studies on Piper betle of Sri Lanka. Journal of Natural Science Foundation Sri Lanka, 33(2): 133-139.

https://doi.org/10.4038/jnsfsr.v33i2.2343

Damián-Badillo L.M., Salgado-Garciglia R., Martínez-Muñoz R.E. & Martínez-Pacheco M.M. (2008). Antifungal properties of some Mexican medicinal plants. The Open Natural Products, 1: 27-

https://doi.org/10.2174/1874848100801010027

Das S., Anjeza C. & Mandal S. (2012). Synergistic or additive antimicrobial activities of Indian spice and herbal extracts against pathogenic, probiotic and food-spoiler microorganisms. International Food Research Journal, 19(3): 1185-1191.

Datta A., Ghoshdastidar S. & Singh M. (2011). Antimicrobial property of Piper betle leaf against clinical isolates of bacteria. International Journal of Pharma Sciences and Research, 2(3): 104-109.

Dorman H.J.D. & Deans S.G. (2000). Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 88(2): 308-316.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2672.2000.00969.x

Emami S.A., Asili J., Rahimizadeh M., Fazly-Bazzaz B.S. & Hassanzadeh-Khayyat M. (2006). Chemical and Antimicrobial Studies of Cupressus sempervirens L. And C. horizentalis Mill. Essential Oils. Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2(2): 103-108.

Fabri R.L., Coimbra E.S., Almeida A.C., Siqueira E.P., Alves T.M., Zani C.L. & Scio E. (2012). Essential oil Mitracarpus frigidus as a potent source of bioactive compounds. Annals of the Brazilian

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0001-37652012000400021

Academy of Sciences, 84(4): 1073-1080.

Henry E.R., Worthington T., Conway B.R. & Lambert P.A. (2009). Antimicrobial efficacy of eucalyptus oil and 1,8-cineole alone in combination with chlorhexidine digluconate against microoganisms grown in plaktonic and biofilm cultures. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 64(6): 1219-1225.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkp362

Hossain M.A., Ismail Z., Rahman A. & Kang S.C. (2008). Chemical composition and antifungal properties of the essential oils and crude extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. Industrial Crops and Products, 27: 328-334.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2007.11.008

Jantan I., Moharan B.A.K., Santhanam J. & Jamal J.A. (2008). Correlation between chemical composition and antifungal activity of the essential oils of eight Cinnamomum species. Pharmaceutical Biology, 46(6): 406-412.

https://doi.org/10.1080/13880200802055859

Lachowicz, K.J., Jones, G.P., Brigg, D.R., Bienvenu, F.E., Wan, J., Wilcock, A. & Coventry, M.J. (1998). The synergistic preservative effects of the essential oils of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) against acid-tolerant food microflora. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 26: 209-214.

https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1472-765X.1998.00321.x

Meshkatalsadat M.H., Badri R. & Zarei S. (2009). Hydro-distillation extraction of volatile components of cultivated Bunium Iuristanicum Rech. from West of Iran, International Journal of PharmTech Research, 1(2): 129-131.

https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/276713

Muchtaridi, Subarnas A., Apriyantono A. & Mustarichie R. (2011). Identification of compounds in the essential oil of nutmeg seeds (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) that inhibit locomotor activity in mice.

https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms11114771

International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 11(11): 4771-4781.

Nguefack, J., Tamgue, O., Lekagne Dongmo, J.B., Dakole, C.D., Leth, V., Vismer, H.F., Amwam Zollo, P.H. & Nkengfack, A.E. (2012). Synergistic action between fractions of essential oil from

Cymbopogon citrates, Ocimum gratissimum and Thymus vulgaris against Penicillium expansum. Food Control, 23(2): 377-383.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodcont.2011.08.002

Pawar P.L. & Nabar B.M. (2010). Effects of plant extracts formulated in different ointment bases on MDR strains. Indian Journal of Pharmaceutical Science, 72(3): 397-401.

https://doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.70494

Prabuseenivasan S., Jayakumar M. & Ignacimuthu S. (2006). In vitro antibacterial activity of some plant essential oils. Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 6: 39-46.

https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-6-39

Serrano, M.C., Ramfrez, M., Morilla, D., Valverde, A., Chavez, M., Espinel-Ingroff, A., Claro, R., Fernandez, A., Almeida, C. & Martin-Mazuelos, E. (2004). A comparative study of the disc diffusion

method with the broth microdilution and Etest methods for voriconazole susceptibility testing of Asperigillus spp. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 53(5): 739:742.

https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkh172

Suprapta D.N. & Khalimi K. (2012). Antifungal activities of selected tropical plants from Bali Island. Phytopharmacology, 2(2): 265-270.

Downloads

How to Cite

Sim, S. F., Mohd Sinang, F., Kertini, D., Collick, F., Dankan, M. E., Luncha, V. R. N., & Abdul Majid, N. S. (2016). Combining Essential Oils of Piper betle and Myristica fragrans for Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 3(1), 35–42. https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.254.2013

Issue

Section

General