Empty Fruit Bunches Compost and Germination of Raphanus sativs L.

Authors

  • Rafeah Wahi
  • Izzatul 'Adilah Yusup

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.210.2016

Keywords:

aerobic composting, oil palm empty fruit bunch, Raphanus sativs L., wood chips

Abstract

Overabundance of empty fruit bunches (EFB) from palm oil industries has opened opportunity for its exploitation
for agricultural use as compost. In this study, palm oil EFB compost was prepared by the addition of wood chips
as a bulking agent and chicken manure to enhance the composting rate. Moisture was maintained at 50-70%
during the 2-month composting. Results showed that the EFB compost containing high mineralisation index
compared to the initial EFB samples after two months of the composting process. The important macronutrients;
N, P, K, Ca and Mg and micronutrients Fe, Zn, Mn, Ni, Cu and B were found present in the EFB composts. The
final stage of EFB compost B showed high nutrient content with N, P, and K values of 2.21%, 3.65%, and 0.49%,
respectively. Fe was the most outstanding element in the EFB compost as high as 9000 ppm. Germination results
showed that EFB compost with EFB:wood chips at 1:3 ratio exhibited better growth of leaves and root of
Raphanus sativs L. compared to 1:2 ratio. This indicated that the EFB compost is capable in improving soil
fertility and growth of plants.

References

Abdul, P.M., Jahim, J.M., Harun, S., Markom, M., Lutpi, N.A., Hassan, O., Balan, V., Dale, B.E. & Nor, M.T.M. (2016). Effects of changes in chemical and structural characteristic of ammonia fibre expansion (AFEX) pretreated oil palm empty fruit bunch fibre on enzymatic saccharification and fermentability for biohydrogen. Bioresource Technology, 211: 200-208.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.02.135

Adam, S., Ahmad, S.S.N.S., Hamzah, NM. & Darus, N.A. (2016). Composting of empty fruit bunch treated with palm oil mill effluent and decanter cake. In Regional Conference on Science, Technology and Social Sciences (RCSTSS 2014) (Pp 437-445). Springer Singapore.

https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-0534-3_43

Ahn, H.K., Richard, T.L. & Choi, H.L. (2007). Mass and thermal balance during composting of a poultry manure-wood shavings mixtures at different aeration rates. Process Biochemistry, 42: 215-223.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.08.005

ASTM Standard D5142. (2009) "Standard Test Methods for Proximate Analysis of the Analysis Sample of Coal and Coke", ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, www.astm.org.

Baharuddin, A.S., Wakisaka, M., Shirai, Y., Abd-Aziz, S. Abdul Rahman, N.A. & Hassan, M.A. (2009). Co-composting of empty fruit bunches and partially treated palm oil mill effluents in pilot scale. International Journal of Agricultural Research, 4(2): 69-78.

https://doi.org/10.3923/ijar.2009.69.78

El Ouaqoudi, F.Z., El Fels, L., Lemee, L., Ambles, A. & Hafidi, M. (2015). Evaluation of lignocelullose compost stability and maturity using spectroscopic (FTIR) and thermal (TGA/TDA) analysis. Ecological Engineering, 75: 217-222.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2014.12.004

Horneck, D., Wysocki, D., Hopkins, B., Hart, J. & Stevens, R. (2007). Acidifying soil for crop production: Inland Pacific Northwest. University Extension Publication EM 8917-E.

Ismail, M.R., Sze, L.Y., Poulus, P. & Ibrahim, H. (2004). The use of empty oil palm fruit bunch (EFB) compost as additive in coconut dust soilless system for vegetable crop production. Acta Horticulturae (ISHS), 644: 193-198.

https://doi.org/10.17660/ActaHortic.2004.644.25

Kala, D.R. Rosenani, A.B., Fauziah, C.I. & Thohirah, L.A. (2009). Composting oil palm wastes and sewage sludge for use in potting media of ornamental plants. Malaysian Journal of Soil Science, 13: 77-9.

Komilis, D.P. & Tziouvaras, I.S. (2009). A statistical analysis to assess the maturity and stability of six composts. Waste Management, 29: 1504-1513.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2008.10.016

Lim, P.N., Wu, T.Y., Clarke, C. & Nik Daud, N.N. (2015). A potential bioconversion of empty fruit bunches into organic fertilizer using Eudrilus eugeniae. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 12: 2533-2544.

https://doi.org/10.1007/s13762-014-0648-2

Outmane, A, Dorazio, V., Hafidi, M., Revel, J.C. & Senesi, N. (2000). Elemental and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids fractionated by gel permeatation chromatography. Agronomie, 20: 491-504.

https://doi.org/10.1051/agro:2000144

Richard, T.L., Hamelers, H.V.M., Veeken, A.H.M., & Silva, T. (2002). Moisture relationships in composting processes. Compost Science and Utilization, 10: 286-302.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2002.10702093

Sugiharto, Y.E.C., Harimawan, A., Kresnowati, M.T.A.P., Purwadi, R., Mariyana, R., Andry, H.N.F. & Hosen, H.F. (2016). Enzyme feeding strategies for better fed-batch enzymatic hydrolysis of empty fruit bunch, Bioresource Technology, 207: 175-179.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.01.113

Vargas-García, M.D.C., Sua' rez-Estrella, F. F., López, M.J. & Moreno, L. (2006). Influence of microbial inoculation and co-composting material on the evolution of humic-like substances during composting of horticultural wastes. Process Biochemistry, 41: 1438-1443

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procbio.2006.01.011

Downloads

Published

2016-06-29

How to Cite

Wahi, R., & Yusup, I. ’Adilah. (2016). Empty Fruit Bunches Compost and Germination of Raphanus sativs L. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 6(1), 10–18. https://doi.org/10.33736/bjrst.210.2016

Issue

Section

General