Brine Shrimp Toxicity of Essential Oils from Musa spp.
Abstract
Essential oils of seven Musa spp.’s fruits namely, Musa acuminata colla ‘gros michel’ (PE), Musa acuminata colla ‘lakatan’ (PB), Musa acuminata colla ‘sucrier’ (PM), Musa acuminata × balbisiana ‘horn plantain’ (PT), Musa acuminata × balbisiana colla ‘saba’ (PN), Musa acuminata colla 'inarnibal' (PO) and Musa acuminata colla ‘red’ (PJ) were extracted by hydrodistillation method using Clevenger apparatus. The essential oils were analysed using GC-FID and identified using Kovat Indeces compared with published information. PE gave the highest yields of oils compared to the other species with yield of 0.43% and 0.28% for its peels and flesh, respectively. The most abundant groups present in most of the essential oils are ester and alcohol groups. The brine shrimp toxicity of PT, PM, PN and PO essential oils were tested and showed toxicity against brine shrimp in dose dependent manner. It can be concluded that the essential oils showed some biological activities which may be a potent medicine in curing tumor. This study implies that the presence of ester and alcohol groups are a good marker for the biological activities of plants. Further studies should focus on the potential of the essential oils of Musa spp. as an antitumor medicine.
References
Aurore, G., Ginies, C., Ganou-parfait, B., Renard, C. M. & Fahrasmane, L. (2011). Comparative study of free and glycoconjugated volatile compounds of three banana cultivars from French West indies: Cavendish, Frayssinette and Plantain. Food chemistry, 129(1): 28-34.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.01.104
Aazza, S., Lyoussi, B., Megìas, C., Cortès-Giraldo, I., Vioque, J. & Figueiredo, A.C. (2014). Anti-
oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative activities of Moroccan commercial essential oils. Natural Product Communications, 9(4): 587-94.
Bagya S.K., Rajashree, P.V. & Sam, K.G. (2011). Preliminary anticancer screening and standarization of some indigenous medicinal plants using cell-biology and molecular biotechnology based models. Research Journal of Medicinal Plant, 5(6): 728-737.
https://doi.org/10.3923/rjmp.2011.728.737
Brat, P., Yahia, A., Chillet, M., Bugaud, C., Bakry, F., Reynes, M., & Brillouet, J.M. (2004). Influence of cultivar, growth altitude and maturity stage on banana volatile compound composition. Fruits, 59(2): 75-82.
https://doi.org/10.1051/fruits:2004007
Buchbauer, G. (2000). The detailed analysis of essential oils leads to understanding of their properties. Perfumer and Flavorist, 64-76.
Calcabrini, A., Stringaro, A., Toccacieli, L., Meschini, S., Marra, M. & Colone M. (2004). Terpinen-4-ol, the main component of Melaleuca alternifolia (tea tree) oil inhibits the in vitro growth of human melanoma cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 122: 349-60.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-202X.2004.22236.x
Chen, Y., Wu, J., Xu, Y., Fu, M. & Xiao, G. (2014). Effect of second cooling on the chemical components of essential oils from orange peel (Citrus sinensis). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 62(35): 8786-8790.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf501079r
Di, C.E., Di Bartolomeo, S., Delli Pizzi, P., Di Giulio, M., Grande, R., Nostro, A. & Cellini, L. (2012). Activity of tea tree oil and Nerolidol alone or in combination against Pediculus capitis (Head Lice) and its eggs. Parasitol Research, 111(5): 1985-92.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-012-3045-0
Dutra, T.V., Castro, J.C., Menezes, J.L., Ramos, T.R., do Prado, I.D., Junior, M.M., Mikcha, J.M.G. & Filho, B.A.A. (2019). Bioactivity of oregano (Origanum vulgare) essential oil against Alicyclobacillus spp. Industrial Crops and Products, 129: 345-349.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.12.025
Fagbemi, J.F., Ugoji, E., Adenipekun, T. & Adelowotan, O. (2009). Evaluation of the antimicrobial properties of unripe banana (Musa sapientum L.), lemon grass (Cymbopogon citratus S.) and turmeric (Curcuma longa L.) on pathogens. African Journal of Biotechnology; 8(7): 1176-1182.
Gkinis, G., Tzakou, O., Iliopoulou, D. & Roussis, V. (2003). Chemical composition and biological activity of Nepeta parnassica oils and isolated Nepetalactones. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C, 58: 681-686.
https://doi.org/10.1515/znc-2003-9-1015
Guylène, A., Berthe, P. & Louis, F. (2008). Bananas, raw materials for making processed food product. Trends in Food Science and Technology, 20: 78-91.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2008.10.003
Jordán, M.J., Shaw, P.E. & Goodner, K.L. (2001). Volatile components in aqueous essence and fresh fruit of cucumis melo cv. Athena (muskmelon) by GC-MS and GC-O. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 49(12): 5929-5933.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf010954o
Joshi, S.C., Padalia, R.C., Bisht, D.S. & Mathela, C.S. (2009). Terpenoid diversity in the leaf essential oils of Himalayan Lauraceae species. Chemistry and Biodiversity, 6(9): 1362-1373.
https://doi.org/10.1002/cbdv.200800181
Kalala, W., Mwakigonja, A., Maregesi, S., Msengwa, Z. & Mahunnah, R. (2015). Brine shrimp lethality and acute oral toxicity of Commiphora swynertonii (burrt) exudate. Pyrex Journal of Medicinal Plant Research, 1(3): 10-18.
Koh, K.J., Pearce, A.L., Marshman, G., Finlay-Jones, J.J. & Hart, P.H. (2002). Tea tree oil reduces histamine induced skin inflammation. British Journal of Dermatology, 147: 1212-1217.
https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2002.05034.x
Macku, C. & Jennings, W.G. (1987). Production of volatiles by ripening bananas. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 35: 845-848.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00077a049
McLaughlin, J.L., 1991. Crown-gall Tumors in Potato Discs and Brine Shrimp Lethality: Two Simple Bioassays for Higher Plant Screening and Fractionation. In: Hostettmann, K. (Ed.), Methods in Plant Biochemistry, London: Academic Press.
McLaughlin, J.L., Rogers L.L. & Anderson, J.E. (1998). The use of biological assays to evaluate botanicals. Drug Information Journal, 32: 513-524.
https://doi.org/10.1177/009286159803200223
Murbach Teles Andrade, B.F., Conti, B.J., Santiago, K.B., Fernandes J.A. & Sforcin, J.M. (2014). Cymbopogon martinii essential oil and geraniol at noncytotoxic concentrations exerted immunomodulatory anti-inflammatory effects in human monocytes. Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, 66(10): 1491-1496.
https://doi.org/10.1111/jphp.12278
Nogueira, J.M.F., Fernandes, P.J.P. & Nascimento, A.M.D. (2003). Composition of volatiles of banana cultivars from Madeira Island. Phytochemical Analysis, 14: 87-90.
https://doi.org/10.1002/pca.691
O'Hara, M., Kiefer, D., Farrell, K. & Kemper, K. (1998). A review of 12 commonly used medicinal plant. Archives of Family Medicine, 523-536.
https://doi.org/10.1001/archfami.7.6.523
Orhan, I. (2001). Biological activities of Musa species. Journal of the Faculty of Pharmacy, 39-50.
Pari, L. & Umamaheswari, J. (2000). Antihyperglycaemic activity of Musa sapientum flowers: Effect on lipid peroxidation in Alloxan Diabetic rats. Phytotherapy Research, 136-138.
https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(200003)14:2<136::AID-PTR607>3.0.CO;2-K
Packiyasothy, E.V. & Kyle, S. (2002). Antimicrobial properties of some herb essential oils. Food Australia; 54(9): 384-387.
Pérez, A.G., Cert, A., Rios, J.J. & Olias, J.M. (1997). Free and glycosidically bound volatile compounds from two bananas cultivars: Valery and Pequenã Enna. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 45: 4393-4397.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf9704524
Pino, J.A. & Febles, Y. (2013). Odour-active compounds in banana fruit cv. giant cavendish. Food Chemistry, 141(2): 795-801.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.064
Ploetz, R.C., Kepler, A.K., Daniells, J. & Nelson, S.C., (2007). Banana and plantain- an overview on Pacific island cultivars. Agroforestry, 1-27.
Selli, S., Gubbuk, H., Kafkas, E. & Gunes, E. (2012). Comparison of aroma compounds in dwarf cavendish banana (Musa spp. AAA) grown from open-field and protected cultivation area. Scientia Horticulture, 141: 76-82.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2012.04.008
Shiota, H. (1993). New esteric components in the volatiles of banana fruit (Musa sapientum L.). Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 41(11): 2056-2062.
https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00035a046
Sienkiewicz, M., Glowacka, A., Poznanska-kurowska, K., Kaszuba, A., urbaniak, A. & Kowalczyk, E. (2015). The effect of clary sage oil on Staphylococci responsible for wound infection. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology, 32(1): 21-26.
https://doi.org/10.5114/pdia.2014.40957
Sim, S.F., Sinang, F.M. Diana, K., Felecia, C. Melissa, E.D. Vanessa, R.N.L. & Noor, S.A.M. (2013). Combining essential oil of Piper betle and Myristica fragrans for enhanced antimicrobial properties. Borneo Journal of Resource Science and Technology, 3(1): 35-42.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
