Outbreak of Opisina arenosella Walker (Lepidoptera: Xyloryctidae): New Defoliator on Kopyor Coconut (Cocos nucifera L. var. Kopyor) Plantation in Bogor, Indonesia
Keywords:
BHC, climate, damage severity, infestation rate, infestation intensity, IPMAbstract
Kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera L. var. Kopyor) represents a distinct coconut form compared to common coconut which shows its uniqueness in Indonesia. The Kopyor coconut is characterised by its soft, crumbly endosperm that separates from the shell, commanding a market value ten times higher than regular coconuts. However, Kopyor coconut cultivation faces significant threats caused by the Black Headed Caterpillar (BHC), Opisina arenosella Walker, a defoliating pest capable of causing substantial economic losses. This study aimed to identify characteristic symptoms of BHC infestation, measure the infestation rate and infestation intensity inKopyor coconut plantations and analyse the influence of weather factors. Observations were conducted from August to November 2024 at the Ciampea plantation in Bogor, Indonesia. BHC symptoms of attacks are characterised as dried fronds, tunnel structures composed of fecal matter and chewed leaf remnants and the attachment of one leaf to another. BHC damages both young and old leaves. Field infestation levels varied depending on inter-plot proximity and planting patterns, with overall BHC infestation classified as severe to extremely severe. Outbreaks of BHC were strongly driven by weather factors: decreased rainfall and increased temperatures during the study period created optimal microhabitat conditions for pest development.
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