Gender Socialisation and its Relation to Women’s Work and Family Conflict
Abstract
This article examines the impact of gender socialization in Malaysian families, especially on daughters regarding their perception towards work inside and outside the home. Hence, this study utilized in-depth interview as part of the qualitative methods to obtain quality data needed. The study establishes, that patriarchy environment, especially one with the classic model of ‘breadwinner father, housewife mother’ creates a pressure on women to bear more household responsibility. Thus, the dominant gender ideologies are entangled with ‘motherhood mandate’ and ‘superior feminine virtue’ that is associated with the reason women left the labour force. It was equally necessary to point out here that other agents of socialization such as media, peers and education played its part as well and influenced the respondent’s conformity to patriarchal values.
Keywords: Family conflict, gender, outside the home, socialisation, work inside
References
Acker, J. (1990). Hierarchies, jobs, bodies: A theory of gendered organizations. Gender & Society, 4(2), 139-158.
https://doi.org/10.1177/089124390004002002
Aminah Ahmad, Nor Hashiah M. Hashim, Arbaiyah Mohd Isa, Siti Rabaah Hamzah. (1999). Role conflict and social support of employed women in industry. In Maimunah Ismail & Aminah Ahmad (Eds.), Women & work: Challenges in industrialising nation (pp. 57-80). London: Asean Academic Press.
Coltrane, S. (2006). Engendering children. In Handel, G. (Ed.), Childhood socialization (pp. 279-310). London: Aldine Transaction.
https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315081427-23
Department of Statisics Malaysia (2017). Statistik pekerjaan dan perburuhan Malaysia, 13(3). Putrajaya: Malaysia.
Eagly, A. H. (1987). Sex differences in social behaviour: A social role interpretation. Hillsdale, NJ: Erl- baum.
Gerson, J. M. & Peiss, K. (1985). Boundaries, negotiation, consciousness: Reconceptualising gender relations. Social Problems, 32(4), 317-331.
https://doi.org/10.2307/800755
Hollows, J. (2008). Domestic cultures. New York, NY: Open University Press.
Jamilah Ariffin. (1992). Women and development in Malaysia. Petaling Jaya: Pelanduk Publications.
Lindsey, L. L. (2005). Gender roles: A sociological perspective. (4th ed). New Jersey: Pearson Education. Pettinger, L., Parry, J., Taylor, R. & Glucksmann, M. (2005). A new sociology of work. London: Wiley-Blackwell. Russo, N. F. (1976). The motherhood mandate. Journal of Social Issues, 32(3), 143-153.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1976.tb02603.x
Ryle, R. (2002). Questioning gender: A sociological exploration. London: Sage Publications.
Swiss, D. J. & Walker, J. P. (1993). Women and the work/family dilemma. New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Copyright Transfer Statement for Journal
1) In signing this statement, the author(s) grant UNIMAS Publisher an exclusive license to publish their original research papers. The author(s) also grant UNIMAS Publisher permission to reproduce, recreate, translate, extract or summarize, and to distribute and display in any forms, formats, and media. The author(s) can reuse their papers in their future printed work without first requiring permission from UNIMAS Publisher, provided that the author(s) acknowledge and reference publication in the Journal.
2) For open access articles, the author(s) agree that their articles published under UNIMAS Publisher are distributed under the terms of the CC-BY-NC-SA (Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-Share Alike 4.0 International License) which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, for non-commercial purposes, provided the original work of the author(s) is properly cited.
3) For subscription articles, the author(s) agree that UNIMAS Publisher holds copyright, or an exclusive license to publish. Readers or users may view, download, print, and copy the content, for academic purposes, subject to the following conditions of use: (a) any reuse of materials is subject to permission from UNIMAS Publisher; (b) archived materials may only be used for academic research; (c) archived materials may not be used for commercial purposes, which include but not limited to monetary compensation by means of sale, resale, license, transfer of copyright, loan, etc.; and (d) archived materials may not be re-published in any part, either in print or online.
4) The author(s) is/are responsible to ensure his or her or their submitted work is original and does not infringe any existing copyright, trademark, patent, statutory right, or propriety right of others. Corresponding author(s) has (have) obtained permission from all co-authors prior to submission to the journal. Upon submission of the manuscript, the author(s) agree that no similar work has been or will be submitted or published elsewhere in any language. If submitted manuscript includes materials from others, the authors have obtained the permission from the copyright owners.
5) In signing this statement, the author(s) declare(s) that the researches in which they have conducted are in compliance with the current laws of the respective country and UNIMAS Journal Publication Ethics Policy. Any experimentation or research involving human or the use of animal samples must obtain approval from Human or Animal Ethics Committee in their respective institutions. The author(s) agree and understand that UNIMAS Publisher is not responsible for any compensational claims or failure caused by the author(s) in fulfilling the above-mentioned requirements. The author(s) must accept the responsibility for releasing their materials upon request by Chief Editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
6) The author(s) should have participated sufficiently in the work and ensured the appropriateness of the content of the article. The author(s) should also agree that he or she has no commercial attachments (e.g. patent or license arrangement, equity interest, consultancies, etc.) that might pose any conflict of interest with the submitted manuscript. The author(s) also agree to make any relevant materials and data available upon request by the editor or UNIMAS Publisher.
