Perubahan Vokal Tinggi di Akhir Kata dalam Dialek Taiping dalam Kalangan Pelajar: Analisis Fonologi Generatif
Abstract
Makalah ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan perubahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata dalam kalangan pelajar dalam dialek Taiping berdasarkan teori fonologi generatif (Chomsky & Halle, 1969). Data kajian diperolehi melalui kaedah kepustakaan, pemerhatian dan temu bual dengan bantuan alat perakam, Ujian Sebutan Lisan dan buku catatan. Informan yang dipilih dalam kajian ini merupakan 20 orang pelajar berbangsa Melayu yang tinggal di Taiping, Perak. Lokasi kajian pula adalah di Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Simpang, Perak. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa perkataan yang mempunyai vokal tinggi /i/ dan /u/ di akhir kata akan direalisasikan sebagai [e] dan [o] seperti /bilik/ → [bileʔ], /ʧantik/ → [ʧanteʔ], /datuk/ → [datoʔ], /kukuh/ → [kukoh] dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan data ini, perubahan bunyi vokal tinggi yang berlaku menunjukkan bahawa vokal tinggi /i/ dan /u/ kehilangan fitur [+tinggi] dan akan direalisasikan sebagai vokal separuh tinggi [e] dan [o] melalui pelaksanaan rumus perendahan vokal di lingkungan suku kata akhir tertutup. Data ini kemudiannya dianalisis menggunakan teori fonologi generatif menggunakan rumus fitur distingtif. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahawa vokal tinggi /i/ dan /u/ mempunyai ciri pembeza yang berlainan antara satu sama lain. Vokal tinggi /i/ mempunyai fitur [‒belakang], [+depan] manakala vokal /u/ mempunyai fitur [+belakang], [‒depan]. Berdasarkan rumus fitur distingtif Zaharani Ahmad (1993), rumus tersebut telah dikembangkan untuk menentukan fitur vokal separuh tinggi [e] dan [o] yang mempunyai ciri pembeza masing-masing untuk menerangkan perubahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata dalam dialek Taiping. Kajian ini telah dapat menjelaskan sebab perubahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata dalam dialek Taiping, iaitu disebabkan proses perendahan vokal tinggi di akhir kata.
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