Pengajaran Bahasa Melayu dalam Kalangan Pelajar Asing: Analisis Pola Kesalahan Tatabahasa dalam Penulisan
Abstract
Kajian ini menghuraikan kesalahan tatabahasa dalam kalangan pelajar antarabangsa di Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). Objektif utama kajian ini ialah mengenal pasti jenis-jenis kesalahan tatabahasa dalam aspek penulisan. Data kajian diperolehi dari bahagian penulisan dalam kertas jawapan para pelajar untuk kursus Bahasa Melayu Komunikasi Lanjutan pada peperiksaan akhir. Pendekatan analisis kontrastif dan analisis kesalahan diaplikasikan dalam menganalisis penulisan pelajar asing yang terlibat dalam kajian ini. Terdapat 38 orang pelajar yang terlibat dan mereka berasal dari negara Bangladesh, Jepun, Morocco, Tajikistan, Afrika, China, Indonesia dan Brunei. Terdapat 215 kesalahan tatabahasa yang telah dikenal pasti dalam kajian ini. Kesalahan tersebut dikategorikan kepada 2 aspek, aspek pertama ialah morfologi yang merangkumi kesalahan ortografi 76%, dan leksikal 1%. Manakala yang kedua ialah aspek sintaksis yang merangkumi unsur kelewahan 15%, hukum D-M 8%. Peratusan menunjukkan kesalahan ortografi mencatatkan kekerapan yang paling tinggi. Kesalahan ortografi dibahagikan kepada 3 kategori berdasarkan proses yang berlaku iaitu penukaran huruf dengan huruf lain (^), penambahan huruf dalam perkataan (^^) dan pengguguran huruf dalam perkataan (^^^). Kesalahan ini dipengaruhi oleh latar belakang negara dan bahasa ibunda yang berbeza. Kajian ini turut mencadangkan penekanan dan bimbingan yang berbeza perlu diberikan kepada para pelajar yang terdiri daripada pelbagai latar belakang. Justeru teknik pengajaran seperti memberi ganjaran (seperti pujian) serta kepelbagaian strategi pengajaran yang menarik berasaskan teknologi dapat meningkat motivasi dalam mempelajari bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa asing.
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