Combining Essential Oils of Piper betle and Myristica fragrans for Enhanced Antimicrobial Properties
Abstract
This paper reports the chemical compositions and antimicrobial activity of essential oils extracted fromMyristica fragrans and Piper betle in individual and combined fractions. Enhanced antimicrobial activity is
anticipated when the volatile oils are combined as compounds present in different extracts could complement
each other resulting in synergistic effect offering a broader spectrum of microbial resistance. The GC-MS
analysis indicates that chemical compositions of M. fragrans and P. betle vary with M. fragrans containing
more early-eluting compounds. The combined extract is characterised by compounds present in both extracts,
some appear to co-elute in the mixture. The antimicrobial activity of the single and combined extracts against
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Aspergillus flavus were evaluated. P. betle demonstrates stronger
antimicrobial activity than M. fragrans; the combined extract exhibit improved performance especially on A.
flavus.
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