The Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Alkaloids from Papaya (Carica papaya L. var. Eksotika) Leaves
Abstract
Since the isolation procedures are easy, many of the earliest pure compounds isolated with biological activitywere alkaloids. The nitrogen molecules in plant cells generally make the compound alkaline which make
alkaloids exist in a salt form in plants. Thus, alkaloids are often extracted with water and/or acid solution system
and then recovered as crystalline material by treatment using a base. The alkaloid carpaine was extracted from
various part of Carica papaya L. var. Eksotika from field grown samples namely leaves, petiole and fruit peel,
and from in vitro samples namely leaves, petiole, suspension cells and suspension liquid with only one artifact of
impurity detected i.e. dehydrocarpaine II. Supercritical fluid extraction was analysed to obtain pure and high
yield of carpaine compound as compared to conventional acid base extraction method. The ratio of
ethanol/water/acetic acid used at 94.5:5:0.5 (v/v/v) was confirmed to be a better solvent system for carpaine
extraction since only one pseudocarpaine i.e. dehydrocarpaine II was extracted together with carpaine. In this
study, the application of single fluid of carbon dioxide in supercritical fluid extraction procedure generated pure
and higher yield of carpaine compound. Additional centrifugation step should have contributed to a higher purity
of the extracted carpaine.
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